Volume 1, Issue 2

The study is conducted as a comparative study of military tactics of the two powers representing different regions and time periods throughout human history. Despite the differences in circumstance and time, common success factors are identified in the military tactics of the two great powers. Based on these success factors, it is possible to compare the military tactics of these armies using the following common criteria: basic tactical unit system, strategic flexibility, tactical mobility, and strategic planning. The Roman Empire and Mongol Empire had long been the dominant military powers in their regions. Among them, the Mongol army was one of the greatest in human history, and through its power and military skill, led to the magnificent growth of the Mongol Empire. Thus, this study identifies the success factors of the Mongol military tactics through comparisons with Roman military tactics.

The Certificates (abdangga fungnehen) given to Dörböd khan Sonomgombo’s wife from Khötöch family and to Magsarjav’s eldest wife from Zalakhus family by Qing dynasty were considered in this article. The Certificate to noblemen’s wives were given by the Qing dynasty on the basis of nobleman’s titles, his wife’s origin and attitudes. The noblemen’s wives who received the Certificates by Qing government had positions higher than the wives of jasaγ who has no right to inherit his title and all other women belonging to the highest strata of society. Despite the Certificates and gifts by the Qing emperor a clerk was appointed for a special ritual when a governor’s and other noblemen’s titled wife died.

Throughout humankind history, various plagues and epidemics spread annihilated millions of people and destroyed entire civilizations and whole tribes, as well. Historical sources show that many infectious diseases have occurred in Mongolia's history and caused great damage. In particular bubonic plague pandemic and smallpox. Despite the rapid development of science and technology and the rapid development of the health sector, various epidemics continue to pose a threat to humanity. Nowadays the world has been combating COVID-19 pandemic for the last 2 years, which started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. As of November 03, 2021, there were 235,435,786 registered cases totally. The pandemic is not only threatening the health and lives of the population, but also causes enormous damage to social and economic situations of the countries worldwide. The economic downturn due to Covid-19 is pushing millions of people into poverty. Countries all over the world are taking all possible measures to counter this, but so far they have not been able to contain the spread of the pandemic. The world economy is expected to revive in 2021; however, the full recovery is expected to take much longer time. Furthermore, the effects of pandemic are expected to be long-lasting. In this article, I want to compare the history of infectious diseases that have caused great harm to Mongolians and the current situation.

Mongolia is a country of livestock. Herds men play special roles in Mongolian social life. Mongolian herds men have great knowledge, skills and experiences. An accident that they are called. “Masters of a thousand professions“. The herds men’s job is buzy and hard. This article is about the Mongolian herd men’s multiple senses and abilities. The article formulates and examines the main features, characteristic features of the Mongolian national mentality, thinking and behavior of the Mongolian herders, their relationship with geographical, climatic, geopolitical, historical and cultural factors, and emphasized the features and abilities of these herders.

Mongolia is a country of livestock. Herds men play special roles in Mongolian social life. Mongolian herds men have great knowledge, skills and experiences. An accident that they are called. “Masters of a thousand professions“. The herds men’s job is buzy and hard. This article is about the Mongolian herd men’s multiple senses and abilities. The article formulates and examines the main features, characteristic features of the Mongolian national mentality, thinking and behavior of the Mongolian herders, their relationship with geographical, climatic, geopolitical, historical and cultural factors, and emphasized the features and abilities of these herders.

The nomadic heritage of Mongolia is inextricably linked to the “Horse Heritage”. Therefore, it is included in the national motto of tourism and is a major advantage in promoting nomadic culture internationally. Horse heritage is characterized by ethnography, culture, economy, business, and increase the value of tourism products. Our aim is to contribute to the development of a strategy that links Equestrian tourism to other social and economic sectors, such as travel, recreation, transportation, life, culture, sports and racing. By promoting the concept of equestrian tourism locally relying on their daily farming and knowledge and skills, that can further develop into a classic form of tourism .