Volume 37, Issue 3-4

An overview of the most important gallium compounds in nuclear medicine and oncology in the two last decades, with an emphasis on the last decade (especially the last 5 years), is given in this review. You can also find here some recent knowledge about 68 Ge/ 68 Ga radionuclide generator modern automated synthesis modules. Gallium has long been known to concentrate in skeletal tissue, particularly regions of bone deposition and remodeling. Elemental gallium is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption that acts to maintain or restore bone mass. There are several medically useful gallium radionuclides that have made extensive contribution in both the diagnosis and therapy of diseases. A huge variety of monofunctional and bifunctional chelators have been developed that allow the formation of stable 68 Ga(III) complexes and convenient coupling to biomolecules such as amino acids, peptides, nanoparticles, or even whole cells. Gallium pharmaceuticals can be divided into two groups according to radioactivity, i.e., radiopharmaceuticals – using radioactive Ga(III) isotopes, and conventional pharmaceuticals – using non-radioactive Ga(III) ion. The pharmaceuticals can also be divided according to the target site of a drug, i.e., those having an impact on soft tissue (most of the drugs) and hard tissue (bones and bone metastasis). In oncology and nuclear medicine, gallium and its compounds have been applied for imaging as well as therapy, and their importance in this field is still growing.

The reaction of a series of compounds, Ar 3 Ge-MR 3 , 1 – 4 (Ar=Ph, p -Tol, M =Si, Ge, R=Ph, Me, tBu), with one equivalent of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (HOTf) was investigated. The corresponding triflates were isolated in several cases. The molecular structure of Ph 3 Ge-GePh 2 OTf ( 5 ) in solid state was investigated by X-ray analysis. The triflates were converted to the corresponding chlorides under the action of ammonium chloride.

A new set of N-protected amino acids and sterically congested heterocyclic β-diketones-modified BuSnCl 3 formulations having the general formulae BuSnClAL, where [where -CHR=-CH 2 CH 2 ,R= -CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 ] and [where R′=-C 6 H 5 , -CH 3 , -pClC 6 H 4 ] and BuSn(A) 2 L, where [where -CHR=-CH 2 CH 2 , R=- CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 ] and [where R′=-C 6 H 5 , -CH 3 , -pClC 6 H 4 ] were prepared by the reactions of monobutyltin(IV) chloride with sodium salts of N-protected amino acids and sterically congested heterocyclic β-diketones in 1:1:1 and 1:2:1 molar ratios in refluxing dry THF. Plausible structures of these N-protected amino acids and sterically congested heterocyclic β-diketones-modified BuSnCl 3 formulations were suggested on the basis of physicochemical and spectral studies. These newly prepared organic-inorganic hybrid complexes of monobutyltin(IV) contain seven coordinated tin centers as revealed by 119 Sn NMR spectral data.

The first structures of strontium xanthates Sr(S 2 COR) 2 (ROH) 3 · x ROH [ x =0, R=Et ( 1 ), i Pr ( 2 ); x =1, R= t Bu ( 3 )] have been determined. All three species adopt an approximately pentagonal bipyramidal SrS 4 O 3 coordination sphere about the metal, although the lattice structures differ across the series and are determined by the hydrogen bonding network afforded via the alcohol moieties.

Two triorganotin ferrocenecarboxylates, C 5 H 5 FeC 5 H 4 COOSnR 3 (R=C 6 H 11 - c , 1 ; C 6 H 5 C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 , 2 ), have been synthesized by the reaction of ferrocenecarboxylic acid with triorganotin hydroxide in benzene and characterized by means of elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1 H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The carboxylate in the compounds is monodentate, and the tin atom adopts distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. Bioassay results have shown that the compounds have good in vitro antibacterial activity.

The molecular structure of the amino-functionalized bismuth alkoxide, Bi[OC(CH 2 NMe 2 ) 3 ] 3 has been determined and embodies a six-coordinate bismuth atom with a fac , fac -BiO 3 N 3 coordination sphere.

A new Pb(II) complex, Pb(PMBP) 2 (PMBP=1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone), has been synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. X-ray crystallography data showed that the complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2 with a=22.060(7), b=6.981(2), c=9.127(3) Å, β=90.768(7), C 34 H 26 N 4 O 4 Pb, Mr=761.79, V=1405.4(8) Å 3 , D=1.800 g/cm 3 , μ (MoKa)=6.050, F(000)=744, Z=2, final GooF=1.067, R=0.0195, and wR=0.0468 for 1353 observed reflections [ I >2 σ ( I )]. The compound exhibits monomeric species that were linked by a C-H···π interaction, intermolecular C-H···O hydrogen bonds, and intermolecular longer secondary Pb···X (X=C or N) interactions; therefore, two-dimensional layered networks were obtained.

The reaction of SeO 4 H 2 and SnPh 3 OH in the presence of n -Bu 2 NH led to the formation of [( n -Bu 2 NH 2 )] 3 [SnPh 3 (SeO 4 ) 2 ] ( 1 ), which crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 with Z =4, a =16.2509(7) Å, b =17.2412(8) Å, c =17.6881(5) Å, and V =4955.9(3) Å 3 . The structure of the novel trianion of 1 consists of a SnPh 3 moiety trans -coordinated by two monodentate selenato ligands involving a trigonal bipyramid geometry around the Sn(IV) atom. The charges of [SnPh 3 (SeO 4 ) 2 ] 3- are compensated by three [ n -Bu 2 NH 2 ] + cations. From a supramolecular point of view, the three uncoordinated oxygen atoms of each selenato ligand are involved in hydrogen bonding interactions with the surrounding di- n -butylammonium cations through N-H···O contacts, leading to a three-dimensional network. The structural characterization of salt 1 was completed by infrared and NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, which confirm the X-ray elucidation.