Volume 7, Issue 2

The calculation for the influence of high-speed railway on knowledge spillover is based on the results of global instantaneous equilibrium in the mechanism explanation of knowledge spillover. In real production, the interaction between the high-speed railway and the regional innovation system is dynamic and local. In order to simulate the impact of high-speed railway on innovation activities in the time dimension, it is necessary to simulate scenarios under appropriate parameter assumptions. Based on the interaction of economic participants, a discrete evolutionary simulation model is established, which is helpful to predict and estimate the evolution of spatial effect of high-speed railway according to the theory of cellular automata. It is concluded that high-speed railway accelerates the formation of knowledge innovation industry cluster in the region in the process of regional knowledge innovation and evolution. Under the influence of high-speed railway, the node city will gradually evolve into a regional innovation center. By comparing the production evolution of knowledge innovation system with and without high-speed railway, the results show that high-speed railway has a more significant impact on knowledge spillover in higher knowledge privatization environment. Under the background of low labor migration rate, high-speed railway has increased the potential of regional innovation to external knowledge spillover. In the case of higher labor migration rate, the convergence rate of influence of high-speed railway on the concentration of innovation is faster.

It’s often the case that the supplier will provide the retailer with a permissible delay period in payments, during which the supplier charges the retailer no interest and the retailer accumulates interest earned from investment return. As a type of price reduction and an alternative to price discount, trade credit helps the supplier encourage the retailer’s ordering. This paper develops an inventory replenishment model for a deteriorating item with time-varying demand and shortages, taking account of trade credit and time value of money under inflation over a finite time horizon. This model is an extension and development of the existing studies related to the inventory system considering trade credit and time value of money and offers a more general model with more flexibility and resilience to handle the situation where demand of the end market is non-decreasing with regard to time.

As a major component of urban ecological systems, the urban ecological space is an important carbon pool in the urban carbon circulation. Meanwhile, its special recreational function adds to the complexity of its carbon effects. According to the carbon process and effects of the urban ecological recreational system, the Source-Leakage-Sink-Order (SLSO) framework is proposed as the basis of the four subsystems of the system model. Consisting of 63 parameters, the system dynamics model of urban ecological recreational system is constructed by using VENSIM PLE. Then the urban ecological recreational system in Shanghai under different scenarios is simulated, and the carbon sources and sinks of the system as well as the process of carbon effects such as carbon footprints are analyzed and predicted. Research shows that due to the imbalance of the spatial pattern of ecological recreational space, the carbon sink effects of the system are quite limited. The human carbon source is the main contributor of the system’s carbon sources and the carbon footprint deficit is striking. The management ability of ecological recreational space influences the carbon sink potentials of the system. In addition, the maintenance mode of ecological green space plays a non-trivial role in the composition of carbon sources.

Making optimal safety investment decisions are important for improving worker’s safety level and reducing accident frequency. To study the complex relationship between safety investment and miners’ behavior-based safety, we proposed the index system of the influential factors on miners’ unsafe behaviors and utilized system dynamics (SD) method to construct the analysis model. Based on the empirical research on a mining company in Hunan, miners’ behavior-based safety level under different investment conditions were simulated, then 12 kinds of schemes’ simulation were obtained. Finally, the optimal scheme was achieved. The scheme is: Safety cost per ton of coal is 3.8 dollars, investment proportion is: Organizational management (0.44), safety climate (0.16), working environment (0.08), technological equipment (0.32). This scheme reached the target value of 90 in the 28th month, which was 9 months shorter than that of the original one. The optimized results show that increasing the behavior-based safety investment and adjusting the proportion appropriately, can improve miners’ behavior-based safety level effectively.

In the analysis of economic growth factors, the constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function model is used to calculate the contribution rates of influencing factors to economic growth. However, the traditional CES production function model fails to consider the staged characteristics of economic growth. Therefore, this study provides a modified model of the CES production function. With regard to its application, a new method for calculating the contribution rates of energy and other influencing factors to economic growth is proposed using a modified CES production function model. This work concludes by calculating the contribution rates of Chinese energy and other influencing factors to economic growth.

Powerful platform operators always set price limits for sellers on the platform. This paper establishes Stackelberg game models according to two pricing models when the manufacturer enters the third-party e-commerce platform and sells products online. The first is a seller-pricing model in which the manufacturer decides the online price. The second is a platform-pricing model in which the platform decides the online price. We obtain the equilibrium results for these two models and the condition that allows the manufacturer to adopt the dual-channel strategy by comparing the operation decisions and performance of supply-chain members in the two models. Results show that the dual-channel strategy of the manufacturer always decreases the profit of the traditional retailer. In comparison with the seller-pricing model, the platform-pricing model always erodes parts of the manufacturers profit obtained by the dual-channel strategy. The manufacturer will pass on the partial loss to the retailer using relative leadership in the platform-pricing model, which renders the profit of the retailer lower than that in the seller-pricing model. Also, price limits do not always bring the platform more profits; sometimes the platform is forced to set a low price.

In this study, the coordination contract of internal and external losses of supply chain under asymmetric information is studied. Firstly, the profit functions of supplier and manufacturer are established respectively. Secondly, the contract under unilateral and bilateral moral hazard is designed. Finally, a numerical example is given to analyze the coordination contract. It is proved that the overall coordination of supply chain can be achieved through loss sharing contract, and the quality level and overall profit can be improved.