Band 100, Heft 6

Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) was legalized in Oregon in 1997. In the study reported here, the authors surveyed a sample of New Jersey physicians with regard to Oregon's Death with Dignity Act and to whether similar legislation should be enacted in New Jersey. A 49-item questionnaire was sent to 563 physicians in New Jersey who were licensed in the specialties of family practice, internal medicine, surgery, psychiatry, and obstetrics/gynecology. The questionnaire contained sections pertaining to demographics, physicians' attitudes regarding PAS, and physicians' opinions on Oregon's Death with Dignity Act. A brief summary of the legislation was included in the mailing, which participants were asked to read before completing the questionnaire. Of the 191 physicians who responded to the survey, 55% agreed with legislation that would legalize PAS, and 59% said that a law similar to that enacted in Oregon should exist in New Jersey. However, only 47% of respondents indicated that they believed PAS to be consistent with the role of a physician to relieve pain and suffering. Slightly more than half of respondents indicated that they would refuse to participate in PAS and were concerned about issues such as professional and personal liability and the potential for abuse. Physicians in New Jersey will require additional information, education, and discussion of the ethical and legal implications of PAS before a law similar to that in Oregon could be proposed or considered.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been strongly associated with several cardiovascular disorders during the past decade, and studies suggested that there might be a causal relationship. Recent studies have described several pathophysiologic mechanisms that are active in OSA and may participate in the development of cardiovascular disorders. Primarily, the repetitive respiratory events that occur in OSA cause hypoxia, hypercapnea, arousals, or disrupted sleep singly or in combination. These abnormal physiologic events result in increased sympathetic outflow, alterations in blood pressure control mechanisms, dysfunctional ventilatory regulation, and vascular alterations. As a consequence of the relative impact and the genetic predisposition, these pathophysiologic alterations may lead to or complicate a wide variety of cardiovascular disorders. Frequently, patients who have OSA present with complaints of excessive daytime sleepiness, chronic fatigue, snoring, morning headache, and nocturnal arousals. Difficult-to-control hypertension, recurrent exacerbations of congestive heart failure, and nocturnal angina are common cardiovascular manifestations of undiagnosed OSA. This article reviews the major cardiovascular disorders associated with OSA and the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with their development.

In light of the fact that the incidence of revocation of physician licenses is on the rise, a survey was sent to 118 allopathic and 16 osteopathic medical schools in the United States to assist in appraising the current resources of US medical schools training in bioethics. The author contends that, in view of the statistics on increasing actions against postgraduate physicians, the time has come to determine what constitutes an effective experience for our students. It is hoped that the details of this investigative process will give educators and researchers insight into the current state of medical school ethics curriculum and increase awareness of the need to address the problems.