Band 6, Heft 2

The effect of single-yarn twist and ply to single-yarn twist ratio on the evenness, hairiness and abrasion resistance of two-ply cotton yarn has been studied. The hairiness of two-ply yarn decreases as either the single-yarn or ply twist increases. The rate of reduction in hairiness with respect to twist is more for the single-yarn twist than for the ply twist, particularly for the finer two-ply yarn. Variation in hairiness decreases as the ply twist increases. Yarn-to-yarn abrasion shows a different trend as compared to yarn-to-emery abrasion at a low ply twist level. Two-ply yarn with 3/4 of the single-yarn twist shows the highest abrasion resistance in both yarn-to-yarn abrasion and yarn-to-emery abrasion. The abrasion resistance of the two-ply yarn depends on both single-yarn twist and ply twist. Single-yarn twist and ply twist have a more influential effect on the yarn-to-yarn and yarn-to-emery abrasion resistances respectively of cotton two-ply yarns.

The textile sliver drafting process has a decisive influence on the quality of yarn produced, and from the point of view of system theory it is marked by non-linearity, distributed delays and highly oscillatory disturbance response. As with most other textile manufacturing processes, this process has received almost no attention in control engineering literature. Motivated by the current needs of textile manufacturing, this paper introduces a suitable mathematical model of virtual draft system simulation.

This paper presents the research activities in the field of textile reinforced concrete carried out by the Institute of Textile and Clothing Technology (ITB) of the Technische Universität Dresden, Germany. Extensive research has been conducted with the aim to fully use the tensile strength of the applied high-performance fiber material in the reinforcing textile. To achieve this, the textile machinery was adjusted and improved and new testing methods were developed. This research has resulted thus far in several innovative applications for the repair of existing buildings as well as the production of precast concrete parts.

A new approach to odor and pH control in medical and hygiene care applications relies on a treatment of absorbent fluff with selected enzyme inhibitors. Cellulose fiber was found to be a convenient carrier for some chemicals which modify the structure of an enzyme and/or block its active site. In an absorbent system exposed for example to body liquids containing urea, selected substances, when released from the fibrous material, can effectively slow down enzymatic hydrolysis of NH2CONH2 and suppress the emission of ammonia. An additional benefit of this technology is in this case a control of the pH of the skin environment and keeping it closer to neutral or slightly acid region. A slowdown of the ammonia emission can be enhanced by blending sodium polyacrylate-based superabsorbent polymer (SAP) particles with the modified cellulose fibers. Suitable inhibitors of urease can also be applied directly to absorbent nonwoven fabrics comprising fluff.

The aim of this study was to explore the spinnability of sisal fibres treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and the potential utility of spun yarns in producing a woven fabric for different end uses. Exploratory and experimental approaches were utilised in gathering data for this project. Yarns were spun using a spinning wheel, and subsequently a portable weaving loom was used for weaving the fabric. Fabric softeners were applied on the woven fabric, and later fabrics were evaluated for hand and potential end uses. Major findings revealed that sisal fibres treated with NaOH were successfully spun into yarns using a traditional spinning wheel with the aid of a binding agent. Yarns spun from treated fibres were finer, weaker and highly absorbent. Flexural rigidity was the only significant fabric property that was decreased for fabric made from treated fibres compared to the control fabric. The application of fabric softeners had no significant effect on fabric hand. Subsequently, potential end uses of woven fabric were identified, which included apparel and accessories.

The most urgently needed cooperation between Polish clothing manufacturers and research centres is that on anthropometric studies of the population as well as a permanent improvement of managers’ knowledge. This article has two parts; the first discusses the existing anthropometric tables in Poland, presents modern ways of carrying out new surveys and provides grounds for this action. The second part explains, within the context of market Europeanisation, why managers have to expand their knowledge resources, and outlines the main points where this knowledge may be subject to verification.