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Coping with Defeat

Sunni Islam, Roman Catholicism, and the Modern State
  • Jonathan Laurence and Jonathan Laurence
Language: English
Published/Copyright: 2021
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About this book

The surprising similarities in the rise and fall of the Sunni Islamic and Roman Catholic empires in the face of the modern state

Coping with Defeat presents a historical panorama of the Islamic and Catholic political-religious empires and exposes striking parallels in their relationship with the modern state. Drawing on interviews, site visits, and archival research in Turkey, North Africa, and Western Europe, Jonathan Laurence demonstrates how, over hundreds of years, both Sunni and Catholic authorities experienced three major shocks and displacements—religious reformation, the rise of the nation-state, and mass migration. As a result, Catholic institutions eventually accepted the state’s political jurisdiction and embraced transnational spiritual leadership as their central mission. Laurence reveals an analogous process unfolding across the Sunni Muslim world in the twenty-first century.

Identifying institutional patterns before and after political collapse, Laurence shows how centralized religious communities relinquish power at different rates and times. Whereas early Christianity and Islam were characterized by missionary expansion, religious institutions forged in the modern era are primarily defensive in nature. They respond to the simple but overlooked imperative to adapt to political defeat while fighting off ideological challenges to their spiritual authority. Among Laurence’s findings is that the disestablishment of Islam—the doing away with Islamic affairs ministries in the Muslim world—would harm, not help with, reconciliation to the rule of law.

Examining upheavals in geography, politics, and demography, Coping with Defeat considers how centralized religions make peace with the loss of prestige.

Author / Editor information

Jonathan Laurence is professor of political science and director of the Clough Center for Constitutional Democracy at Boston College. He is the author of The Emancipation of Europe’s Muslims (Princeton) and his work has appeared in such venues as the New York Times and The Economist. Twitter @jonathanlauren6

Reviews

"

Well-constructed, detailed, and thought-provoking.

"---Iza Hussin, The Journal of Religion --- "Scholarship of the first water."---Joseph Prud’homme, The Journal of Church and State --- "Extensive, highly learned, meticulously researched."---Jared Rubin, International Journal of Middle East Studies --- "a provocative work, one that puts a new spin on an old question and illustrates it with original research .... Laurence has created an invaluable reference for scholars of both traditions as well as any public interested in the operations and aims of religious institutions in the age of national sovereignty."---Charles Häberl, The Berlin Journal --- "This is an ambitious but brilliant work underpinned by disciplined use of archival data."---Steven Simon, Survival: Global Politics and Strategy --- "A closely argued, contrarian piece of scholarship . . . by an eminent American observer of Islam." --- "This refreshing, provocative work explores how the two largest religious planets in the political solar system adjusted to the birth of an entirely new celestial body—the state."---Alan Mikhail, Wall Street Journal --- "Winner of the Hubert Morken Best Book in Religion and Politics Award, American Political Science Association"

Topics

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    Frontmatter

    i
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    contents

    ix
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    List of Illustrations

    xi
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    List of Tables

    xix
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    Abbreviations

    xxi
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    Acknowledgments

    xxiii
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  • Introduction: Coping with Defeat
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    1 Sunni Islam, Roman Catholicism, and the Modern St

    3
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  • The First Defeat: The End of Empire
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    2 The Fall and Rise of Roman Catholicism

    47
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    3 The Plot against the Caliphate

    77
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    4 The Rise and Fall of Pan-Islam

    118
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  • The Second Defeat: The Nation-State Era
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    5 Nation-State Catholicism

    161
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    6 Nation-State Islam

    196
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  • The Third Defeat: The Era of Believers without Borders
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    7 Catholicism in the United States

    239
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    8 Islam in Europe

    284
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    9 Nation-State Islam versus the Islamic State

    328
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  • Conclusion: Embracing Spiritual Power
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    10 Out of Office: Rejoining Civil Society

    393
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    Regime Timelines: 1500–Present

    439
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    Glossary

    445
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    Interviews

    449
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    Notes

    457
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    Bibliography

    519
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    Illustration Credits

    555
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    Index

    567
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Publishing information
Pages and Images/Illustrations in book
eBook published on:
July 15, 2021
eBook ISBN:
9780691219783
Pages and Images/Illustrations in book
https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691219783
eBook ISBN: 9780691219783
Keywords for this book
Islam; Caliphate; Catholic Church; Mosque; Seminary; Clergy; Protestantism; Theocracy; Nation state; Diocese; Algeria; Islamism; Sunni Islam; Pan-Islamism; Muslim world; Muslim; Religion; Catholicism; Society of Jesus; Religious education; Pope; Saudi Arabia; Temporal power (papal); Shia Islam; Salafi movement; Tunisia; Theology; Wahhabism; Counter-Reformation; Ottoman Caliphate; Ottoman Empire; Muhammad; Pope Pius IX; Secularism; College of Cardinals; Roman Question; Papal States; Archbishop; The Islamist; Heresy; Council of Trent; Lutheranism; Islam in Europe; Al-Qaeda; Fatwa; North Africa; Madrasa; Secularization; Western Europe; Adviser; Politician; Islamic extremism; Doctrine; Freedom of religion; Assassination; Ordination; Sharia; Hashemites; Islamization; Head of state; Colonialism; Waqf; Kemalism; Politics; Holy Orders (Catholic Church); Italians; Muslim Brotherhood; Professionalization; Alevism; Fiqh
Audience(s) for this book
For a non-specialist adult audience
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