Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Chapter 1. Introduction: The Custom in Question 1
4. PART I. Local Contexts and Current Debates
5. Chapter 2. “Had This Been Your Face, Would You Leave It as Is?” Female Circumcision Among the Nubians of Egypt 27
6. Chapter 3. Male and Female Circumcision: The Myth of the Difference 47
7. PART II. African Campaigns to Eradicate Female Circumcision
8. Chapter 4. Community-Based Efforts to End Female Genital Mutilation in Kenya: Raising Awareness and Organizing Alternative Rites of Passage 75
9. Chapter 5. A Community of Women Empowered: The Story of Deir El Barsha 104
10. Chapter 6. Strategies for Encouraging the Abandonment of Female Genital Cutting: Experiences from Senegal, Burkina Paso, and Mali 125
11. Chapter 7. The Sudanese National Committee on the Eradication of Harmful Traditional Practices and the Campaign Against Female Genital Mutilation 142
12. Chapter 8. The Babiker Badri Scientific Association for Women's Studies and the Eradication of Female Circumcision in the Sudan 171
13. Chapter 9. “My Grandmother Called It the Three Feminine Sorrows”: The Struggle of Women Against Female Circumcision in Somalia 187
14. PART III. Debates in Immigrant-Receiving Societies
15. Chapter 10. The Double-Edged Sword: Using the Criminal Law Against Female Genital Mutilation in Canada 207
16. Chapter 11 Representing Africa in the Kasinga Asylum Case 224
17. Afterword: Safe Harbor and Homage 234
18. Notes 243
19. References 253
20. Contributors 273
21. Index 279
22. Acknowledgments 289