10 Political corruption in the developing and newly industrialised states
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James L. Newell
Abstract
Distinguishing between less developed, or developing, countries, on the one hand, and newly industrialised countries (NICs) on the other, the chapter discusses, first, the extent and causes of corruption in these countries; second the effects of corruption there, and finally, attempts to combat it. The chapter argues that the problems of corruption in the two types of country are of a somewhat different order of magnitude deriving, ultimately, from their distinctive characteristics. These are, in the case of the developing countries, limited manufacturing sectors; dependence on raw materials, or agricultural commodities, for export earnings (and therefore unusually heavily reliance on world markets over which they have little control); weak states. In the NICs, stronger states have enabled them to undergo rapid industrialisation and urbanisation such as to lead them, in terms of (what is often export-led) growth, to outpace their developing-country counterparts. Consequently, relatively high levels of corruption in the NICs have not been as strong a break on economic and social improvement as they have in the developing countries.
Abstract
Distinguishing between less developed, or developing, countries, on the one hand, and newly industrialised countries (NICs) on the other, the chapter discusses, first, the extent and causes of corruption in these countries; second the effects of corruption there, and finally, attempts to combat it. The chapter argues that the problems of corruption in the two types of country are of a somewhat different order of magnitude deriving, ultimately, from their distinctive characteristics. These are, in the case of the developing countries, limited manufacturing sectors; dependence on raw materials, or agricultural commodities, for export earnings (and therefore unusually heavily reliance on world markets over which they have little control); weak states. In the NICs, stronger states have enabled them to undergo rapid industrialisation and urbanisation such as to lead them, in terms of (what is often export-led) growth, to outpace their developing-country counterparts. Consequently, relatively high levels of corruption in the NICs have not been as strong a break on economic and social improvement as they have in the developing countries.
Chapters in this book
- Front matter i
- Contents v
- List of figures vi
- List of tables vii
- Preface viii
- List of abbreviations xi
- 1 Definitions of political corruption, and why study corruption 1
- 2 The growth, spread and measurement of corruption 21
- 3 The causes and explanations of political corruption 43
- 4 The mechanisms and dynamics of corruption 64
- 5 Political corruption and organised crime 82
- 6 Political corruption and scandal 103
- 7 Anti-corruption 124
- 8 Corruption in liberal democracies 143
- 9 Political corruption in Central and Eastern Europe 169
- 10 Political corruption in the developing and newly industrialised states 194
- Index 218
Chapters in this book
- Front matter i
- Contents v
- List of figures vi
- List of tables vii
- Preface viii
- List of abbreviations xi
- 1 Definitions of political corruption, and why study corruption 1
- 2 The growth, spread and measurement of corruption 21
- 3 The causes and explanations of political corruption 43
- 4 The mechanisms and dynamics of corruption 64
- 5 Political corruption and organised crime 82
- 6 Political corruption and scandal 103
- 7 Anti-corruption 124
- 8 Corruption in liberal democracies 143
- 9 Political corruption in Central and Eastern Europe 169
- 10 Political corruption in the developing and newly industrialised states 194
- Index 218
