Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Abbreviations and Acronyms vii
4. Acknowledgments xi
5. Introduction: STRUGGLES OVER POLITICAL REPRESENTATION 1
6. 1. THEORIZING INSTITUTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION 14
7. 2. IDEOLOGIES OF POLITICAL REPRESENTATION AND THE MODE OF PARTICIPATION FRAMEWORK 27
8. 3. HISTORY, CAPITALISM, AND CONFLICT 44
9. 4. NOMINATED MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT IN SINGAPORE 70
10. 5. PUBLIC FEEDBACK IN SINGAPORE’S CONSULTATIVE AUTHORITARIANISM 93
11. 6. THE PHILIPPINES’ PARTY-LIST SYSTEM, REFORMERS, AND OLIGARCHS 116
12. 7. PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING IN THE PHILIPPINES 139
13. 8. MALAYSIA’S FAILED CONSULTATIVE REPRESENTATION EXPERIMENTS 162
14. 9. CIVIL SOCIETY AND ELECTORAL REFORM IN MALAYSIA 186
15. Conclusion: CAPITALISM, INSTITUTIONS, AND IDEOLOGY 211
16. Notes 223
17. References 237
18. Index 273