1. Western Europe

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Preface xv
4. Part One: Historical Expansion, Political and Religious History
5. I. The World of Islam: A Brief Historical Survey 3
6. II. Sunni Islam 36
7. III. Shi’i Islam 51
8. IV. Revivalist Movements in Islam from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Century and the Role of Islam in Modern History: Anticolonialism and Nationalism 70
9. V. The Distribution of Muslims throughout the World: Figures and Information on the Present Situation 105
10. Part Two: The Political Role of Islam in the Present
11. I. The Intra-Islamic Discussion on a Modern Economic and Social System 129
12. II. Islamic Economics in Practice: Interest-Free Financial Management 141
13. III. Developments in Law 193
14. IV. The Status of Islam and Islamic Law in Selected Countries
15. 1. Turkey 221
16. 2. Iran 240
17. 3. Afghanistan 256
18. 4. Russia, the Islamic Republics of the Caucasus, and Central Asia 269
19. 5. The People’s Republic of China 297
20. 6. India 310
21. 7. Pakistan 325
22. 8. Bangladesh 350
23. 9. Southeast Asia 359
24. 10. Maghreb 402
25. 11. The Independent States of Sub-Saharan Africa 415
26. 12. The Islamization of Sub-Saharan Africa 431
27. 13. Horn of Africa 438
28. 14. Libya 451
29. 15. Egypt 459
30. 16. Sudan 470
31. 17. Israel and the Occupied Territories 479
32. 18. Syria 491
33. 19. Iraq 497
34. 20. Jordan 505
35. 21. Lebanon 509
36. 22. Saudi Arabia 520
37. 23. The Small Gulf States 530
38. 24. Yemen 538
39. V. The Islamic Diaspora: Europe and America
40. 1. Western Europe 548
41. 2. France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Germany 559
42. 3. Eastern and Southeastern Europe 583
43. 4. The Americas 598
44. VI. The Discussion within Islam on Secularism, Democracy, and Human Rights 605
45. VII. The Situation of Women in Islamic Countries 619
46. VIII. Islamist Groups and Movements 682
47. IX. Mystical Brotherhoods and Popular Islam 697
48. X. Sects and Special Groups 712
49. XI. Islam and Non-Islamic Minorities 733
50. XII. International Islamic Organizations 743
51. Part Three: Present-Day Islamic Culture and Civilization
52. I. “Orientalistics” and Orientalism 755
53. II. Islam and Cultural Self-Assertion 767
54. III. Islam and Local Traditions 779
55. IV. Is There an Islamic Linguistic Sphere? 792
56. V. Islam Reflected in the Contemporary Literature of Muslim Peoples 800
57. VI. Contemporary Painting and Graphic Art in the Islamic World 830
58. VII. Contemporary “Islamic” Architecture and Representational Art 838
59. Notes 859
60. Bibliography 949
61. About the Authors 1009
62. Name Index 1019
63. Subject index 1037
64. Geographical Index 1093