Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. A Note on Transliteration ix
4. Acknowledgments xi
5. Introduction: Gendered Aspects of the Emergence and Historical Development of Shi‘i Symbols and Rituals 1
6. PART 1. Iran
7. 1. Ta'ziyeh: A Twist of History in Everyday Life 25
8. 2. The Gender Dynamics of Moharram Symbols and Rituals in the Latter Years of Qajar Rule 45
9. 3. ‘‘Oh, My Heart Is Sad. It Is Moharram, the Month of Zaynab’’: The Role of Aesthetics and Women’s Mourning Ceremonies in Shiraz 65
10. 4. The Daughters of Karbala: Images of Women in Popular Shi'i Culture in Iran 93
11. 5. Iconography of the Women of Karbala: Tiles, Murals, Stamps, and Posters 119
12. PART 2. The Arab World, South Asia, and the United States of America
13. 6. Sakineh, The Narrator of Karbala: An Ethnographic Description of a Women’s Majles Ritual in Pakistan 141
14. 7. Sayyedeh Zaynab: The Conqueror of Damascus and Beyond 161
15. 8. Gender and Moharram Rituals in an Isma'ili Sect of South Asian Muslims 183
16. 9. Women of Karbala Moving to America: Shi'i Rituals in Iran, Pakistan, and California 199
17. 10. Women’s Religious Rituals in Iraq 229
18. 11. From Mourning to Activism: Sayyedeh Zaynab, Lebanese Shi‘i Women, and the Transformation of Ashura 241
19. Bibliography 267
20. Index 287