Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Illustrations ix
4. List of Graphs and Tables xi
5. Conventions xiii
6. Introduction 1
7. Chapter One. The Birth of a Chameleon 22
8. Chapter Two. Robert Hart’s Panopticon 64
9. Chapter Three. The Customs Service During the Self-Strengthening Movement, 1870–1895 103
10. Chapter Four. The Rise of the Bond Markets: The Customs Service Becomes a Debt Collector, 1895–1914 133
11. Chapter Five. Imperium in Imperio, 1914–1929 172
12. Chapter Six. Tariff Nation, Smugglers’ Nation: The Customs Service in the Nanjing Decade, 1929–1937 217
13. Chapter Seven. Maintaining Integrity, 1937–1949 259
14. Epilogue: Echoes and Shadows 302
15. Notes 311
16. Bibliography 369
17. Index 381