21. A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

Kapitel in diesem Buch

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Preface to the Second Edition xiii
4. Acknowledgements xvii
5. Introduction: Democracy – Triumph or Crisis? 1
6. Part One. Traditional Affirmations of Democracy
7. Introduction 21
8. 1. Funeral Oration 25
9. 2. The Politics 28
10. 3. The Discourses 33
11. 4. Leviathan 37
12. 5. The Social Contract 43
13. 6. The Federalist Papers 52
14. 7. Representative Government 58
15. 8. Democracy in America 67
16. 9. The Putney Debates 77
17. 10. Rights of Man 83
18. 11. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen 87
19. 12. The Gettysburg Address 90
20. 13. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy 91
21. Part Two. Key Concepts
22. Section 1: Freedom and Autonomy
23. Introduction 98
24. 14. The Social Contract 100
25. 15. On the Common Saying: ‘This May Be True in Theory but it Does not Apply in Practice’ 102
26. 16. The Liberty of the Ancients Compared with that of the Moderns 108
27. 17. Two Concepts of Liberty 111
28. 18. In Defense of Anarchism 115
29. Section 2: Equality
30. Introduction 118
31. 19. The Second Treatise of Government 120
32. 20. The Social Contract 124
33. 21. A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality 127
34. 22. Equality 130
35. 23. The Idea of Equality 135
36. Section 3: Representation
37. Introduction 142
38. 24. The Social Contract 145
39. 25. Speech at the Conclusion of the Poll, 3 November 1774 148
40. 26. Essay on Government 151
41. 27. The Concept of Representation 155
42. 28. The Politics of Presence 159
43. 29. Justice and the Politics of Difference 163
44. 30. The Illusion of Universal Suffrage 167
45. 31. Parliamentary Isolation 170
46. Section 4: Majority Rule
47. Introduction 172
48. 32. The Social Contract 174
49. 33. A Paradox in the Theory of Democracy 177
50. 34. Representative Government 179
51. 35. Democracy in America 183
52. 36. The Theory of Democracy Revisited 192
53. Section 5: Citizenship
54. Introduction 198
55. 37. The Politics 200
56. 38. Class, Citizenship and Social Development 203
57. 39. The Return of the Citizen 206
58. 40. Civic Republicanism and Citizenship: The Challenge for Today 214
59. Part Three. Critiques of Democracy
60. Section 6: Conservative, Elitist and Authoritarian Critiques
61. Introduction 226
62. 41. The Republic 229
63. 42. Reflections on the Revolution in France 234
64. 43. The Meaning of Conservatism 239
65. 44. The Doctrine of Fascism 243
66. 45. The Concept of the Political 245
67. 46. Economy and Society 247
68. 47. Political Parties 252
69. 48. Anti-Elitism Revisited 255
70. 49. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy 259
71. Section 7: Marxist and Socialist Critiques
72. Introduction 266
73. 50. On the Jewish Question 268
74. 51. The Civil War in France 274
75. 52. The State and Revolution 278
76. 53. Marxism and Politics 282
77. 54. Democratic Theory, Essays in Retrieval 287
78. Section 8: Feminist Critiques
79. Introduction 294
80. 55. Vindication of the Rights of Woman 297
81. 56. Women in Political Theory 307
82. 57. Feminism and Democracy 315
83. 58. Losing the Faith: Feminism and Democracy 318
84. Part Four. Contemporary Issues
85. Section 9: The Market
86. Introduction 328
87. 59. The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism 330
88. 60. Ethics, Efficiency, and the Market 335
89. 61. Capitalism and Freedom 344
90. 62. Liberal Democracy and the Limits of Democratization 350
91. 63. Arguments for a New Left 354
92. 64. Wealth Accumulates and Democracy Decays 357
93. 65. American Nightmare: Neoliberalism, Neoconservatism, and De-Democratization 361
94. Section 10: Civil Society
95. Introduction 368
96. 66. Civil Society and Political Theory 370
97. 67. Bowling Alone 375
98. 68. Associative Principles and Democratic Reform 378
99. Section 11: Participation
100. Introduction 384
101. 69. More Participation, More Democracy? 386
102. 70. On Participation 391
103. 71. Participation and Democratic Theory 397
104. 72. The Two Faces of Political Apathy 403
105. 73. What Deliberative Democracy Means 415
106. Section 12: The Internet
107. Introduction 426
108. 74. Politics: Deliberation, Mobilization, and Networked Practices of Agitation 428
109. 75. Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age 433
110. 76. The Net Delusion: How Not to Liberate the World 436
111. Section 13: Nationalism
112. Introduction 442
113. 77.Nationalism and Democracy 444
114. 78. Citizenship and National Identity 447
115. 79. ‘The People’, Identity and Democracy 450
116. 80. Nationalism and Democracy 454
117. Section 14: Cosmopolitan Democracy
118. Introduction 460
119. 81. Methodological Cosmopolitanism 463
120. 82. The Practice of Global Citizenship 468
121. 83. World Citizenship 473
122. 84. Global Democracy and Its Setbacks 478
123. 85. The Post- National Constellation and the Future of Democracy 483
124. 86. The Prospect of ‘Post-Westphalian’ Intervention 491
125. Section 15: Religion
126. Introduction 500
127. 87. Islam and Democracy: What is the Real Question? 502
128. 88. Public Islam and the Problem of Democratization 516
129. 89. Habermas and Religion 522
130. 90. Whither Democracy? Religion, Politics and Islam 525
131. 91. The Life and Death of Democracy 536
132. Section 16: Multiculturalism
133. Introduction 542
134. 92. The Dynamics of Democratic Exclusion 544
135. 93. Multicultural Citizenship 547
136. 94. Justice and the Politics of Difference 553
137. 95. The Racial Contract 558
138. Section 17: Democracy and Violence
139. Introduction 564
140. 96. On Violence 566
141. 97. Two Versions of ‘We the People’ 575
142. 98. New Forms of Violence 584
143. 99. Global Frontier- land 591
144. Bibliography 596
145. Index 603