Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Relation of the Directors to the Work and Publications of the National Bureau of Economic Research vi
3. Contents vii
4. Introduction 1
5. I. Panel Discussion
6. Why Was Rate and Direction So Important? 27
7. Some Features of Research by Economists on Technological Change Foreshadowed by The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity 35
8. The Economics of Inventive Activity over Fifty Years 43
9. II. The University- Industry Interface
10. 1. Funding Scientific Knowledge 51
11. 2. The Diffusion of Scientific Knowledge across Time and Space 107
12. 3. The Effects of the Foreign Fulbright Program on Knowledge Creation in Science and Engineering 161
13. III. Market Structure and Innovation
14. 4. Schumpeterian Competition and Diseconomies of Scope 203
15. 5. How Entrepreneurs Affect the Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity 277
16. 6. Diversity and Technological Progress 319
17. 7. Competition and Innovation 361
18. IV. The Sources and Motivations of Innovators
19. 8. Did Plant Patents Create the American Rose? 413
20. 9. The Rate and Direction of Invention in the British Industrial Revolution 443
21. 10. The Confederacy of Heterogeneous Software Organizations and Heterogeneous Developers 483
22. V. Panel Discussion
23. 11. The Consequences of Financial Innovation 523
24. 12. The Adversity/ Hysteresis Effect 579
25. 13. Generality, Recombination, and Reuse 611
26. VII. Panel Discussion
27. The Art and Science of Innovation Policy 665
28. Putting Economic Ideas Back into Innovation Policy 669
29. Why Is It So Difficult to Translate Innovation Economics into Useful and Applicable Policy Prescriptions? 673
30. Can the Nelson- Arrow Paradigm Still Be the Beacon of Innovation Policy? 679
31. Contributors 685
32. Author Index 689
33. Subject Index 697