Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Preface: Osman’s Tree xi
4. Introduction: The Global Environmental History of the Middle East 1
5. Part One: Water
6. 1 Irrigation Works 19
7. 2 History from Below 34
8. 3 Silt and Empire 51
9. Part Two: Work
10. 4 Rural Muscle 73
11. 5 Expert Measures 93
12. Part Three: Animal
13. 6 Animal Capital 111
14. 7 Brute Force 131
15. Part Four: Elemental
16. 8 Food and Wood 153
17. 9 Plague Ecologies 169
18. 10 Egypt, Iceland, SO₂ 184
19. Conclusion: Empire as Ecosystem 199
20. Acknowledgments 205
21. Notes 209
22. Bibliography 293
23. Index 327