Chapter 18. Aquatic Adaptations in the Limbs of Amniotes

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Introduction 1
4. Part I. Evolution
5. Chapter 1. Fins and Limbs and Fins into Limbs: The Historical Context, 1840–1940 7
6. Chapter 2. Skeletal Changes in the Transition from Fins to Limbs 15
7. Chapter 3. A Historical Perspective on the Study of Animal Locomotion with Fins and Limbs 39
8. Chapter 4. Fins and Limbs in the Study of Evolutionary Novelties 49
9. Part II. Development
10. Chapter 5. The Development of Fins and Limbs 65
11. Chapter 6. Mechanisms of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis in Fins 79
12. Chapter 7. Mechanisms of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis in Limbs 93
13. Chapter 8. Apoptosis in Fin and Limb Development 103
14. Chapter 9 Joint Formation 109
15. Chapter 10. Postnatal Growth of Fins and Limbs through Endochondral Ossification 118
16. Chapter 11. Paired Fin Repair and Regeneration 152
17. Chapter 12. Tetrapod Limb Regeneration 163
18. Part III. Transformation
19. Chapter 13. Evolution of the Appendicular Skeleton of Amphibians 185
20. Chapter 14. Limb Diversity and Digit Reduction in Reptilian Evolution 225
21. Chapter 15. Limbs in Mammalian Evolution 245
22. Chapter 16. Skeletal Adaptations for Flight 269
23. Chapter 17. Adaptations for Digging and Burrowing 284
24. Chapter 18. Aquatic Adaptations in the Limbs of Amniotes 310
25. Chapter 19. Sesamoids and Ossicles in the Appendicular Skeleton 323
26. References 343
27. Contributors 417
28. Index 421