Policy Press
Eleven Changing welfare states and labour markets in the context of European gender arrangements
Abstract
In the last decades of the millennium, women increasingly were included into the Western European labour markets; however, there were considerable differences in the development paths of European labour markets regarding the structures of labour market integration and labour market exclusion in terms of the development of labour force participation rates of women. The differences also concern the ways in which women were integrated into waged work. In most countries, it is only the part-time employment of women that has increased. This chapter discusses the changing labour markets and welfare states from the context of European gender arrangements. In this chapter, it is argued that the integration of women within the labour market is not a simple reaction to state policies. Rather, welfare state institutions are embedded in society and as a result, properties of welfare policies may be explained by central cultural values and ideals in society and the way these change, just as individuals refer to cultural values and ideals. As such, the behaviour of individuals is influenced by gender arrangements, which refer to complex mutual interrelationships between policies, cultural values and institutions. Different gender arrangements are associated with different ideals of gender inequality, of integration and of action. Discussions in this chapter include: concepts of citizenship and gender; cross-national analysis of gender policies of welfare states in the framework of gender arrangements; and analyses of changes in welfare state policies within European gender arrangements.
Abstract
In the last decades of the millennium, women increasingly were included into the Western European labour markets; however, there were considerable differences in the development paths of European labour markets regarding the structures of labour market integration and labour market exclusion in terms of the development of labour force participation rates of women. The differences also concern the ways in which women were integrated into waged work. In most countries, it is only the part-time employment of women that has increased. This chapter discusses the changing labour markets and welfare states from the context of European gender arrangements. In this chapter, it is argued that the integration of women within the labour market is not a simple reaction to state policies. Rather, welfare state institutions are embedded in society and as a result, properties of welfare policies may be explained by central cultural values and ideals in society and the way these change, just as individuals refer to cultural values and ideals. As such, the behaviour of individuals is influenced by gender arrangements, which refer to complex mutual interrelationships between policies, cultural values and institutions. Different gender arrangements are associated with different ideals of gender inequality, of integration and of action. Discussions in this chapter include: concepts of citizenship and gender; cross-national analysis of gender policies of welfare states in the framework of gender arrangements; and analyses of changes in welfare state policies within European gender arrangements.
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents iii
- Notes on contributors v
- List of acronyms viii
- Glossary x
- Preface xiii
- Citizenship, changing labour markets and welfare policies: an introduction 1
- Internationalisation and the labour market of the European Union 15
- Citizenship and changing welfare states 39
- Work and citizenship: unemployment and unemployment policies in Denmark, 1980-2000 59
- New institutional forms of welfare production: some implications for citizenship 85
- Unemployment, welfare policies and citizenship: different paths in Western Europe 107
- Youth unemployment, welfare and political participation: a comparative study of six countries 129
- Ethnicity, racism and the labour market: a European perspective 149
- From externalisation to integration of older workers: institutional changes at the end of the worklife 183
- Movements by the unemployed in France and social protection: the Fonds d’urgence sociale experience 209
- Changing welfare states and labour markets in the context of European gender arrangements 235
- A second order reflection on the concepts of inclusion and exclusion 257
- Concluding remarks 281
- Index 289
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents iii
- Notes on contributors v
- List of acronyms viii
- Glossary x
- Preface xiii
- Citizenship, changing labour markets and welfare policies: an introduction 1
- Internationalisation and the labour market of the European Union 15
- Citizenship and changing welfare states 39
- Work and citizenship: unemployment and unemployment policies in Denmark, 1980-2000 59
- New institutional forms of welfare production: some implications for citizenship 85
- Unemployment, welfare policies and citizenship: different paths in Western Europe 107
- Youth unemployment, welfare and political participation: a comparative study of six countries 129
- Ethnicity, racism and the labour market: a European perspective 149
- From externalisation to integration of older workers: institutional changes at the end of the worklife 183
- Movements by the unemployed in France and social protection: the Fonds d’urgence sociale experience 209
- Changing welfare states and labour markets in the context of European gender arrangements 235
- A second order reflection on the concepts of inclusion and exclusion 257
- Concluding remarks 281
- Index 289
