Policy Press
Seven The ‘Unorganised’ Emigrationists
Abstract
Most of the child-emigration ventures eventually became organisations in the sense that their conduct was subject to a measure of control by a management committee, their finances were scrutinised, and certain formal posts created. However, there were some schemes that did not follow this course and which, until they disintegrated or were absorbed by established organisations, remained essentially ‘unorganised’; that is to say, they operated without any formal structure and hence without a superordinate authority to which they were answerable. Maria Rye and Annie Macpherson fall into this category, as does the Catholic John Boyd; there were also others who worked independently of an administrative framework. Although having this in common, their histories vary. Nevertheless, each illustrates the pitfalls and dangers to which such individualistic enterprises exposed the children who were emigrated. This chapter considers three lesser-known examples: Emma Stirling, W. J. Pady, and the Bristol Emigration Society.
Abstract
Most of the child-emigration ventures eventually became organisations in the sense that their conduct was subject to a measure of control by a management committee, their finances were scrutinised, and certain formal posts created. However, there were some schemes that did not follow this course and which, until they disintegrated or were absorbed by established organisations, remained essentially ‘unorganised’; that is to say, they operated without any formal structure and hence without a superordinate authority to which they were answerable. Maria Rye and Annie Macpherson fall into this category, as does the Catholic John Boyd; there were also others who worked independently of an administrative framework. Although having this in common, their histories vary. Nevertheless, each illustrates the pitfalls and dangers to which such individualistic enterprises exposed the children who were emigrated. This chapter considers three lesser-known examples: Emma Stirling, W. J. Pady, and the Bristol Emigration Society.
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Acknowledgements ix
- List of Abbreviations x
- Preface xii
-
Setting the Scene
- The Background 3
- Early Initiatives 19
-
Setbacks and Anxieties
- Checks and Balances 39
- The Issue of Inspection 53
-
The Field Expands
- The Second Wave of Organised Protestant Child Emigration 67
- The Catholic Response 91
- The ‘Unorganised’ Emigrationists 111
-
The Canadian Dimension
- Canadian Demand for Child Labour 129
- Canadian Opposition to Child Immigration 151
- The Management of the Opposition in Canada 171
-
The Ambiguities and Obfuscation
- The Reformatories and Industrial Schools 189
-
The Children and their Parents
- What Befell the Children 209
- Parents’ Rights, Consent and Legislation 235
-
A Chapter Closes
- Into the Twentieth Century 253
-
A Review
- Explanation and Assessment 273
- Notes 295
- References 333
- Index 345
Chapters in this book
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Acknowledgements ix
- List of Abbreviations x
- Preface xii
-
Setting the Scene
- The Background 3
- Early Initiatives 19
-
Setbacks and Anxieties
- Checks and Balances 39
- The Issue of Inspection 53
-
The Field Expands
- The Second Wave of Organised Protestant Child Emigration 67
- The Catholic Response 91
- The ‘Unorganised’ Emigrationists 111
-
The Canadian Dimension
- Canadian Demand for Child Labour 129
- Canadian Opposition to Child Immigration 151
- The Management of the Opposition in Canada 171
-
The Ambiguities and Obfuscation
- The Reformatories and Industrial Schools 189
-
The Children and their Parents
- What Befell the Children 209
- Parents’ Rights, Consent and Legislation 235
-
A Chapter Closes
- Into the Twentieth Century 253
-
A Review
- Explanation and Assessment 273
- Notes 295
- References 333
- Index 345
