Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Preface xi
4. 1 Mongrel Models and Seductive Scenarios of Human Evolution 1
5. Part I. Terminology, Morphology, Genes, and Lots of Fossils
6. 2. Apes in Space 15
7. 3. Apes in Time 60
8. 4 Taproot and Branches of Our Family Tree 126
9. Part II. Positional and Subsistence Behaviors
10. 5 Apes in Motion 189
11. 6 Several Ways to Achieve Erection 225
12. 7 Hungry and Sleepy Apes 261
13. 8 Hunting Apes and Mutualism 304
14. Part III. Hands, Tools, Brains, and Cognition
15. 9. Handy Apes 331
16. 10 Mental Apes 355
17. Part IV. Sociality and Communication
18. 11 Social, Antisocial, and Sexual Apes 397
19. 12 Communicative Apes 507
20. Part V. What makes us human?
21. 13 Language, Culture, Ideology, Spirituality, and Morality 569
22. Notes 603
23. References 691
24. Illustration Credits 1017
25. Index 1025