Home Literary Studies 45. PARIAHS: Franz Kafka, Saul Bellow, Bernard Malamud, Mordecai Richler, J. D. Salinger, Philip Roth, Jeffrey Eugenides, Paul Auster, Martin Amis
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45. PARIAHS: Franz Kafka, Saul Bellow, Bernard Malamud, Mordecai Richler, J. D. Salinger, Philip Roth, Jeffrey Eugenides, Paul Auster, Martin Amis

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The Novel
This chapter is in the book The Novel

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter i
  2. Acknowledgments vii
  3. Contents ix
  4. Prologue 1
  5. Introduction 4
  6. 1. “LITERATURE IS INVENTION”: Mandeville’s Travels, Ranulf Higden’s Polychronicon, De Proprietatibus Rerum 17
  7. 2. TRUE STORIES: William Caxton, Thomas Malory, Foxe’s Book of Martyrs 25
  8. 3. THREE SPRINGS: Sir Philip Sidney, Fray Antonio de Guevara, John Lyly, Thomas Nashe 33
  9. 4. BEFORE IRONY: John Bunyan 54
  10. 5. ENTER AMERICA: Aphra Behn, Zora Neale Hurston 63
  11. 6. IMPERSONATION: Daniel Defoe, Truman Capote, J. M. Coetzee 74
  12. 7. PROPORTION: François Rabelais, Sir Thomas Urquhart, Jonathan Swift, Samuel Johnson, Voltaire, Oliver Goldsmith, Alasdair Gray 93
  13. 8. SEX AND SENSIBILITY: Samuel Richardson, Eliza Haywood, Anna Laetitia Barbauld, John Cleland 112
  14. 9. “NUVVLES”: Miguel de Cervantes, Alain-René Lesage, Henry Fielding, Tobias Smollett, Frederick Marryat, Richard Dana, C. S. Forester, Patrick O’Brian 128
  15. 10. “A COCK AND A BULL”: Laurence Sterne 149
  16. 11. THE EERIE: Horace Walpole, Clara Reeve, William Beckford, Ann Radcliffe, Matthew Gregory Lewis, Charles Brockden Brown, Charles Robert Maturin 162
  17. 12. LISTENING: Maria Edgeworth, John McGahern, James Hogg, Sir Walter Scott, John Galt, Susan Ferrier 177
  18. 13. MANNERS: Fanny Burney, Jane Austen 199
  19. 14. ROMAN À THÈSE: Thomas Love Peacock, William Godwin, Edward Bulwer- Lytton, Mary Shelley, Thomas Carlyle 219
  20. 15. DECLARATIONS OF INDEPENDENCE: Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, Edgar Allan Poe 235
  21. 16. THE FICTION INDUSTRY: Charles Dickens, Harrison Ainsworth, Elizabeth Gaskell, Wilkie Collins 252
  22. 17. GOTHIC ROMANCE: Charlotte Brontë, Emily Brontë, Anne Brontë 284
  23. 18. REAL WORLDS: Frances Trollope, William Makepeace Thackeray, Anthony Trollope, Benjamin Disraeli 295
  24. 19. “THOUGHT- DIVERS”: Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Harriet Beecher Stowe 320
  25. 20. THE HUMAN COMEDY: Victor Hugo, Stendhal, Honoré de Balzac, Gustave Flaubert, Émile Zola 349
  26. 21. IMPERFECTION: George Moore, George Eliot, Louisa May Alcott, George Meredith, George Gissing, Samuel Butler, Edmund Gosse 372
  27. 22. BRAVERIES: Robert Louis Stevenson, W. H. Hudson, Bruce Chatwin, Richard Jefferies, William Morris, Charles Kingsley, Henry Rider Haggard, Rudyard Kipling 404
  28. 23. SMOKE AND MIRRORS: Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll), Rudolf Raspe, Bram Stoker, Ouida, Marie Corelli, Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, Denton Welch, Arthur Conan Doyle, J. M. Barrie, Max Beerbohm, Kenneth Grahame 432
  29. 24. PESSIMISTS: Thomas Hardy, Joseph Conrad, Stephen Crane 453
  30. 25. LIVING THROUGH IDEAS: Nikolai Gogol, Ivan Turgenev, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Leo Tolstoy 477
  31. 26. THE FATE OF FORM: William Dean Howells, Henry James, Cynthia Ozick, Mrs. Humphry Ward, Edith Wharton, Sinclair Lewis, Marcel Proust, Dorothy Richardson, Anthony Powell, Henry Williamson, C. P. Snow 489
  32. 27. PRODIGALITY AND PHILISTINISM: Artemus Ward, Mark Twain, George Washington Cable, Theodore Dreiser, Frank Norris, Jack London, Upton Sinclair 527
  33. 28. BLURRING FORM: Willa Cather, Sarah Orne Jewett, Marilynne Robinson, Janet Lewis, Kate Chopin, Sherwood Anderson, Gertrude Stein, Laura Riding, Mary Butts 553
  34. 29. SOCIAL CONCERNS: H. G. Wells, Rebecca West, Arnold Bennett, John Galsworthy, Somerset Maugham, Hugh Walpole, Frederic Raphael, Aldous Huxley, Arthur Koestler, George Orwell 572
  35. 30. PORTRAITS AND CARICATURES OF THE ARTIST: James Joyce, Wyndham Lewis, Samuel Beckett, G. K. Chesterton, Anthony Burgess, Russell Hoban, Flann O’Brien, Donald Barthelme 604
  36. 31. TONE AND REGISTER: Virginia Woolf, E. M. Forster, Paul Scott, J. G. Farrell, Norman Douglas, Ronald Firbank, Pelham Grenville Wode house, Kazuo Ishiguro, Elizabeth Bowen, Edna O’Brien, Jeanette Winterson 638
  37. 32. TELLER AND TALE: D. H. Lawrence, John Cowper Powys, T. F. Powys, Sylvia Townsend Warner, Henry Miller, Anaïs Nin, Lawrence Durrell, Richard Aldington, William S. Burroughs, Jack Kerouac 671
  38. 34. ELEGY: Thornton Wilder, William Faulkner, Ellen Glasgow, Eudora Welty, Carson McCullers, Flannery O’Connor, Harper Lee, Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison, Thomas Wolfe, Malcolm Lowry, Joyce Cary 737
  39. 35. ESSAYING: Edmund Wilson, Gore Vidal, John Dos Passos, E. E. Cummings, Mary McCarthy, Katherine Anne Porter, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Steinbeck, John O’Hara, Nathanael West, William Gaddis, David Foster Wallace 770
  40. 36. ENCHANTMENT AND DISENCHANTMENT: Vladimir Nabokov, Ayn Rand, Radclyffe Hall, Ivy Compton- Burnett, Elizabeth Taylor, Muriel Spark, Gabriel Josipovici, Christine Brooke- Rose, B. S. Johnson, William Gass, John Barth, Harry Mathews, Walter Abish, Thomas Pynchon, Jonathan Franzen 810
  41. 37. GENRE: Daphne du Maurier, Barbara Cartland, Catherine Cookson, et al.; Bret Harte, Zane Grey, et al.; Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, Elmore Leonard, Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, et al.; H. P. Lovecraft, Stephen King, et al.; Robert A. Heinlein, Isaac Asimov, Arthur C. Clarke, Ray Bradbury, Philip K. Dick, Ursula Le Guin, et al. 851
  42. 38. CONVENTION AND INVENTION: David Garnett, J. B. Priestley, L. P. Hartley, Richard Hughes, Storm Jameson, Walter Greenwood, H. E. Bates, Ethel Mannin, Olivia Manning, Stella Gibbons, V. S. Pritchett, Robert Graves, Doris Lessing, Angela Carter, Elaine Feinstein, Colm Tóibín, Alan Hollinghurst 882
  43. 39. PROPAGANDA: Christopher Isherwood, Edward Upward, Paul Bowles, Jane Bowles, Edmund White, Henry Green, Evelyn Waugh, William Boyd, Graham Greene, R. K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand, Rohinton Mistry, V. S. Naipaul, Caryl Phillips, Timothy Mo 912
  44. 40. THE BLUES: Richard Wright, Claude McKay, Jean Toomer, Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, William Styron 950
  45. 41. DISPLACEMENT AND EXPROPRIATION: Chinua Achebe, Ngũgĩ Wa Thiong’o, George Lamming, Wilson Harris, Ben Okri, Wole Soyinka, Nadine Gordimer, Olive Schreiner, Bessie Head, Alice Walker 969
  46. 42. MAKING SPACE: Henry Handel Richardson, Patrick White, David Malouf, Peter Carey, Christina Stead, Robertson Davies, Margaret Atwood, Michael Ondaatje, Maurice Shadbolt, Janet Frame, Keri Hulme, Anita Desai, Salman Rushdie, Earl Lovelace 990
  47. 43. WIN, PLACE, AND SHOW: William Golding, Angus Wilson, Margaret Drabble, Malcolm Bradbury, David Lodge, Iris Murdoch, A. S. Byatt, Hilary Mantel, John Braine, Alan Sillitoe, Kingsley Amis, John Fowles, Ian McEwan, Peter Ackroyd, Graham Swift, J. G. Ballard 1017
  48. 44. TRUTHS IN FICTION, THE METAMORPHOSIS OF JOURNALISM: E. L. Doctorow, John Gardner, Norman Mailer, Kurt Vonnegut, Louis- Ferdinand Céline, Joseph Heller, Joan Didion, Tom Wolfe, Hunter S. Thompson, Cormac McCarthy, Michael Chabon, Richard Ford, Bret Easton Ellis 1048
  49. 45. PARIAHS: Franz Kafka, Saul Bellow, Bernard Malamud, Mordecai Richler, J. D. Salinger, Philip Roth, Jeffrey Eugenides, Paul Auster, Martin Amis 1079
  50. Timeline 1109
  51. Index 1147
https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674369054.c47

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter i
  2. Acknowledgments vii
  3. Contents ix
  4. Prologue 1
  5. Introduction 4
  6. 1. “LITERATURE IS INVENTION”: Mandeville’s Travels, Ranulf Higden’s Polychronicon, De Proprietatibus Rerum 17
  7. 2. TRUE STORIES: William Caxton, Thomas Malory, Foxe’s Book of Martyrs 25
  8. 3. THREE SPRINGS: Sir Philip Sidney, Fray Antonio de Guevara, John Lyly, Thomas Nashe 33
  9. 4. BEFORE IRONY: John Bunyan 54
  10. 5. ENTER AMERICA: Aphra Behn, Zora Neale Hurston 63
  11. 6. IMPERSONATION: Daniel Defoe, Truman Capote, J. M. Coetzee 74
  12. 7. PROPORTION: François Rabelais, Sir Thomas Urquhart, Jonathan Swift, Samuel Johnson, Voltaire, Oliver Goldsmith, Alasdair Gray 93
  13. 8. SEX AND SENSIBILITY: Samuel Richardson, Eliza Haywood, Anna Laetitia Barbauld, John Cleland 112
  14. 9. “NUVVLES”: Miguel de Cervantes, Alain-René Lesage, Henry Fielding, Tobias Smollett, Frederick Marryat, Richard Dana, C. S. Forester, Patrick O’Brian 128
  15. 10. “A COCK AND A BULL”: Laurence Sterne 149
  16. 11. THE EERIE: Horace Walpole, Clara Reeve, William Beckford, Ann Radcliffe, Matthew Gregory Lewis, Charles Brockden Brown, Charles Robert Maturin 162
  17. 12. LISTENING: Maria Edgeworth, John McGahern, James Hogg, Sir Walter Scott, John Galt, Susan Ferrier 177
  18. 13. MANNERS: Fanny Burney, Jane Austen 199
  19. 14. ROMAN À THÈSE: Thomas Love Peacock, William Godwin, Edward Bulwer- Lytton, Mary Shelley, Thomas Carlyle 219
  20. 15. DECLARATIONS OF INDEPENDENCE: Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, Edgar Allan Poe 235
  21. 16. THE FICTION INDUSTRY: Charles Dickens, Harrison Ainsworth, Elizabeth Gaskell, Wilkie Collins 252
  22. 17. GOTHIC ROMANCE: Charlotte Brontë, Emily Brontë, Anne Brontë 284
  23. 18. REAL WORLDS: Frances Trollope, William Makepeace Thackeray, Anthony Trollope, Benjamin Disraeli 295
  24. 19. “THOUGHT- DIVERS”: Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Harriet Beecher Stowe 320
  25. 20. THE HUMAN COMEDY: Victor Hugo, Stendhal, Honoré de Balzac, Gustave Flaubert, Émile Zola 349
  26. 21. IMPERFECTION: George Moore, George Eliot, Louisa May Alcott, George Meredith, George Gissing, Samuel Butler, Edmund Gosse 372
  27. 22. BRAVERIES: Robert Louis Stevenson, W. H. Hudson, Bruce Chatwin, Richard Jefferies, William Morris, Charles Kingsley, Henry Rider Haggard, Rudyard Kipling 404
  28. 23. SMOKE AND MIRRORS: Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll), Rudolf Raspe, Bram Stoker, Ouida, Marie Corelli, Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, Denton Welch, Arthur Conan Doyle, J. M. Barrie, Max Beerbohm, Kenneth Grahame 432
  29. 24. PESSIMISTS: Thomas Hardy, Joseph Conrad, Stephen Crane 453
  30. 25. LIVING THROUGH IDEAS: Nikolai Gogol, Ivan Turgenev, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Leo Tolstoy 477
  31. 26. THE FATE OF FORM: William Dean Howells, Henry James, Cynthia Ozick, Mrs. Humphry Ward, Edith Wharton, Sinclair Lewis, Marcel Proust, Dorothy Richardson, Anthony Powell, Henry Williamson, C. P. Snow 489
  32. 27. PRODIGALITY AND PHILISTINISM: Artemus Ward, Mark Twain, George Washington Cable, Theodore Dreiser, Frank Norris, Jack London, Upton Sinclair 527
  33. 28. BLURRING FORM: Willa Cather, Sarah Orne Jewett, Marilynne Robinson, Janet Lewis, Kate Chopin, Sherwood Anderson, Gertrude Stein, Laura Riding, Mary Butts 553
  34. 29. SOCIAL CONCERNS: H. G. Wells, Rebecca West, Arnold Bennett, John Galsworthy, Somerset Maugham, Hugh Walpole, Frederic Raphael, Aldous Huxley, Arthur Koestler, George Orwell 572
  35. 30. PORTRAITS AND CARICATURES OF THE ARTIST: James Joyce, Wyndham Lewis, Samuel Beckett, G. K. Chesterton, Anthony Burgess, Russell Hoban, Flann O’Brien, Donald Barthelme 604
  36. 31. TONE AND REGISTER: Virginia Woolf, E. M. Forster, Paul Scott, J. G. Farrell, Norman Douglas, Ronald Firbank, Pelham Grenville Wode house, Kazuo Ishiguro, Elizabeth Bowen, Edna O’Brien, Jeanette Winterson 638
  37. 32. TELLER AND TALE: D. H. Lawrence, John Cowper Powys, T. F. Powys, Sylvia Townsend Warner, Henry Miller, Anaïs Nin, Lawrence Durrell, Richard Aldington, William S. Burroughs, Jack Kerouac 671
  38. 34. ELEGY: Thornton Wilder, William Faulkner, Ellen Glasgow, Eudora Welty, Carson McCullers, Flannery O’Connor, Harper Lee, Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison, Thomas Wolfe, Malcolm Lowry, Joyce Cary 737
  39. 35. ESSAYING: Edmund Wilson, Gore Vidal, John Dos Passos, E. E. Cummings, Mary McCarthy, Katherine Anne Porter, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Steinbeck, John O’Hara, Nathanael West, William Gaddis, David Foster Wallace 770
  40. 36. ENCHANTMENT AND DISENCHANTMENT: Vladimir Nabokov, Ayn Rand, Radclyffe Hall, Ivy Compton- Burnett, Elizabeth Taylor, Muriel Spark, Gabriel Josipovici, Christine Brooke- Rose, B. S. Johnson, William Gass, John Barth, Harry Mathews, Walter Abish, Thomas Pynchon, Jonathan Franzen 810
  41. 37. GENRE: Daphne du Maurier, Barbara Cartland, Catherine Cookson, et al.; Bret Harte, Zane Grey, et al.; Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, Elmore Leonard, Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, et al.; H. P. Lovecraft, Stephen King, et al.; Robert A. Heinlein, Isaac Asimov, Arthur C. Clarke, Ray Bradbury, Philip K. Dick, Ursula Le Guin, et al. 851
  42. 38. CONVENTION AND INVENTION: David Garnett, J. B. Priestley, L. P. Hartley, Richard Hughes, Storm Jameson, Walter Greenwood, H. E. Bates, Ethel Mannin, Olivia Manning, Stella Gibbons, V. S. Pritchett, Robert Graves, Doris Lessing, Angela Carter, Elaine Feinstein, Colm Tóibín, Alan Hollinghurst 882
  43. 39. PROPAGANDA: Christopher Isherwood, Edward Upward, Paul Bowles, Jane Bowles, Edmund White, Henry Green, Evelyn Waugh, William Boyd, Graham Greene, R. K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand, Rohinton Mistry, V. S. Naipaul, Caryl Phillips, Timothy Mo 912
  44. 40. THE BLUES: Richard Wright, Claude McKay, Jean Toomer, Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, William Styron 950
  45. 41. DISPLACEMENT AND EXPROPRIATION: Chinua Achebe, Ngũgĩ Wa Thiong’o, George Lamming, Wilson Harris, Ben Okri, Wole Soyinka, Nadine Gordimer, Olive Schreiner, Bessie Head, Alice Walker 969
  46. 42. MAKING SPACE: Henry Handel Richardson, Patrick White, David Malouf, Peter Carey, Christina Stead, Robertson Davies, Margaret Atwood, Michael Ondaatje, Maurice Shadbolt, Janet Frame, Keri Hulme, Anita Desai, Salman Rushdie, Earl Lovelace 990
  47. 43. WIN, PLACE, AND SHOW: William Golding, Angus Wilson, Margaret Drabble, Malcolm Bradbury, David Lodge, Iris Murdoch, A. S. Byatt, Hilary Mantel, John Braine, Alan Sillitoe, Kingsley Amis, John Fowles, Ian McEwan, Peter Ackroyd, Graham Swift, J. G. Ballard 1017
  48. 44. TRUTHS IN FICTION, THE METAMORPHOSIS OF JOURNALISM: E. L. Doctorow, John Gardner, Norman Mailer, Kurt Vonnegut, Louis- Ferdinand Céline, Joseph Heller, Joan Didion, Tom Wolfe, Hunter S. Thompson, Cormac McCarthy, Michael Chabon, Richard Ford, Bret Easton Ellis 1048
  49. 45. PARIAHS: Franz Kafka, Saul Bellow, Bernard Malamud, Mordecai Richler, J. D. Salinger, Philip Roth, Jeffrey Eugenides, Paul Auster, Martin Amis 1079
  50. Timeline 1109
  51. Index 1147
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