3 The Emergence of Unofficial Political Movements in the 1990s

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Acknowledgments ix
3. Contents xi
4. Abbreviations xiii
5. Introduction: From Comrades to Citizens in the Post-Mao Era 1
6. 1 Democracy Wall: The First Assertion of Political Rights in the Post-Mao Era 25
7. 2 The Establishment of an Independent Political Organization in the 1980s: Beijing Social and Economic Sciences Research Institute 51
8. 3 The Emergence of Unofficial Political Movements in the 1990s 68
9. 4 Ideological Diversity Challenges the Party 95
10. 5 The Flowering of Liberalism, 1997–1998 128
11. 6 The Establishment of an Alternative Political Party: The China Democracy Party 161
12. 7 Citizenship Extends into Cyberspace despite Repression 183
13. 8 The Expansion of Rights Consciousness 201
14. Epilogue: Redefinition of Chinese Citizenship on the Eve of the Twenty-first Century 224
15. Notes 237
16. Index 271