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Correlation of Microstructure and Giant Magnetoresistance in Electrodeposited Ni – Cu/Cu Multilayers

  • Agnes Cziráki , Imre Gerőcs , Bálint Fogarassy , Birgit Arnold , Marianne Reibold , Klaus Wetzig , Enikõ Tóth-Kádár and Imre Bakonyi
Published/Copyright: December 4, 2021
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International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 88 Issue 10

Abstract

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) was observed in pulse-plated Ni81Cu19/Cu multilayers with a maximum GMR value of about 2 % for Ni – Cu layer thicknesses around 2 to 3 nm. A columnar growth of the multilayers was detected by transmission electron microscopy. The column width (grain size) was the largest for multilayers with the maximum GMR. It could also be established that the multilayer planes are often inclined at angle, which depends on the chemical modulation wavelength, with respect to the substrate plane. This definitely gives rise to a current-perpendicular-to-plane contribution to the GMR, offering a plausible explanation for the location of the maximum of the GMR vs thickness curve. The lattice constant mismatch between the Ni – Cu and Cu layers gives rise to considerable stresses which are relaxed, besides the formation of twinning and dislocation structures, also by an induced periodic lattice distortion (structural modulation) not completely coinciding with the chemical modulation in every direction.

Abstract

Mehrfachschichten der Zusammensetzung Ni81Cu19/Cu wurden durch galvanische Abscheidung hergestellt, in denen der sogenannte „gigantische“ magnetische Widerstand (GMR) beobachtet werden konnte. Der Maximalwert des GMR war etwa 2 % bei einer Dicke von 2 bis 3 nm der Ni – Cu Schichten. Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie hat gezeigt, daβ diese Mehrfachschichten eine kolumnare Struktur haben. Es wurde festgestellt, daβ der Durchmesser der kolumnaren Struktureinheiten, d. h. die Korngröβe, gerade für diejenige Mehrfachschichten ein Maximum hat, bei denen auch der GMR der gröβte ist. Die Mehrfachschichtebenen bilden oft einen Winkel mit der Substratebene, dessen Gröβe von der chemischen Modulationslänge abhängig ist. Deshalb hat der GMR einen Beitrag der Stromkomponente, die senkrecht zur Mehrfachschichtebene flieβt was eine mögliche Erklärung für die Lage des GMR-Maximums in Abhöngigkeit von der Dicke der magnetischen Schichten gibt. Da die Gitterkonstanten für die Cu und Ni – Cu Schichten unterschiedlich sind, treten groβe Spannungen in der Mehrfachschichtstruktur auf. Diese Spannungen werden dann sowohl durch die Bildung von „Zwillings-“ und Versetzungsstrukturen, als auch durch eine induzierte periodische Gitterverzerrung (strukturelle Modulation) relaxiert, wobei die Richtungen der strukturellen und chemischen Modulation nicht überall völlig übereinstimmen.

Á. Cziráki, I. Gerőcs, B. Fogarassy Eötvös University, Institute for Solid State Physics, H-1088 Budapest, Múzeum krt. 6–8, Hungary
B. Arnold, M. Reibold, K. Wetzig Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstofforschung, Institut für Festkörperanalytik und Strukturforschung, Helmholtzstraβe 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
E. Tóth-Kádár, I. Bakonyi Research Institute for Solid State Physics Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, P.O.B. 49, Hungary

Funding statement: This work has been supported by the Hungarian Research Fund (OTKA) through grant T015649. The XRD work has been performed on an apparatus purchased by the Eötvös University under grant CEF 1156. The collaboration of G. Radnóczi and his colleagues (Research Institute for Technical Physics, Budapest) in preparing some of the cross-sectional TEM samples is gratefully acknowledged. One of the authors (Á.C.) is indebted to D. Bauer and J. Thomas (Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstofforschung, Dresden) for useful discussions.

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Received: 1997-02-10
Published Online: 2021-12-04

© 1997 Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Aufsätze
  3. Automatic Determination of Dendritic Arm Spacing in Directionally Solidified Matters
  4. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Castings
  5. Microstructural Features Controlling the Dry Sliding Wear Response of Some Bearing Alloys
  6. Correlation of Microstructure and Giant Magnetoresistance in Electrodeposited Ni – Cu/Cu Multilayers
  7. Microstructure-related Modelling of the Deformation Behaviour of the Superalloy CoCr22Ni22W14
  8. An Assessment of the Si Mobility and the Application to Phase Transformations in Silicon Steels
  9. Simulated Weld HAZ of Vanadium Modified 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel
  10. The Metastable Miscibility Gap in the System Fe–Cu
  11. Precipitation in Iron Aluminides Containing Carbon and Titanium, Zirconium or Niobium
  12. Use of a Single Zirconia Electrolyte Cell to Measure Basicity in Binary and Ternary Carbonate Melts
  13. Adsorption Studies of Water on Copper, Nickel, and Iron: Assessment of the Polarization Model
  14. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V
  15. Personen
  16. Terminkalender
https://doi.org/10.3139/ijmr-1997-0147

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Aufsätze
  3. Automatic Determination of Dendritic Arm Spacing in Directionally Solidified Matters
  4. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Castings
  5. Microstructural Features Controlling the Dry Sliding Wear Response of Some Bearing Alloys
  6. Correlation of Microstructure and Giant Magnetoresistance in Electrodeposited Ni – Cu/Cu Multilayers
  7. Microstructure-related Modelling of the Deformation Behaviour of the Superalloy CoCr22Ni22W14
  8. An Assessment of the Si Mobility and the Application to Phase Transformations in Silicon Steels
  9. Simulated Weld HAZ of Vanadium Modified 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel
  10. The Metastable Miscibility Gap in the System Fe–Cu
  11. Precipitation in Iron Aluminides Containing Carbon and Titanium, Zirconium or Niobium
  12. Use of a Single Zirconia Electrolyte Cell to Measure Basicity in Binary and Ternary Carbonate Melts
  13. Adsorption Studies of Water on Copper, Nickel, and Iron: Assessment of the Polarization Model
  14. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V
  15. Personen
  16. Terminkalender
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