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Mixing and Extrusion of High Silica and all Silica-natural Rubber Compounds

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Published/Copyright: May 27, 2013
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International Polymer Processing
From the journal International Polymer Processing Volume 6 Issue 4

Abstract

This work is an investigation on causes of extrusion problem of a high silica- and all silica-filled natural rubber compounds containing a coupling agent. The 67% silica and 33% carbon black, N110 compound (Compound 3) gave a wavy surface of extrudate from a profile die. The 100% silica-filled compound (Compound 4) was too stiff to be extruded. Reference compounds, 100% carbon black (Compound 1) and 33% silica with 67% carbon black (Compound 2), gave smooth extrudates. The amplitude dependence of storage modulus measurements indicated Compound 4 had a poorer dispersion of the filler. Scanning electron microscopy also showed a poorer dispersion for this compound. However, Compound 3 could not be distinguished from Compounds 1 and 2 in the above investigation. Transient shear measurements at very low deformation rate indicated a reaction between natural rubber and the coupling agent, resulting in gel and long-branch formation. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated the coupling reaction was completed at 140°C within the mixing time. By holding the maximum temperature of mixing as low as possible, the extrudate of Compound 3 became smooth, but Compound 4 still did not perform well. Improvement of dispersion is necessary to make Compound 4 extrudable.

* Mail address: Prof. Dr. N. Nakajima, Institute of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, U.S.A.
Received: 1990-3-5
Accepted: 1990-6-25
Published Online: 2013-05-27
Published in Print: 1991-12-01

© 1991, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Review Paper
  4. Existing Scale-up Rules for Single-screw Plasticating Extruders
  5. Internal Mixers
  6. Scale-up Effect in Internal Mixers
  7. Mixing and Extrusion of High Silica and all Silica-natural Rubber Compounds
  8. Screw Extrusion
  9. An Analytical Model of Partial and Thorough Melting in Single-screw Extruders
  10. Dimensionless Non-Newtonian Isothermal Simulation and Scale-up Considerations for Modular Intermeshing Corotating Twin Screw Extruders
  11. Erratum
  12. Die Extrusion
  13. Extrusion of Rubber Compounds and Highly Filled Thermoplastics through Coathanger Dies
  14. Pressure Oscillations during Capillary Extrusion of High Density Polyethylene
  15. Frequency Analysis of Pressure Fluctuations in a Single Screw Extruder
  16. Fibers and Films
  17. Orientation and Mechanical Property Development in the Melt Spinning of Fibers from Polyetherimide and Polyarylate
  18. Study on the Formation of β-Crystalline from Isotactic Polypropylene Fiber
  19. Biaxially-oriented Polyethylene Films by Compression of Injected Moldings
  20. Modelling of the Cooling of Semi-crystalline Polymers during their Processing
  21. Molding
  22. Non-isothermal Mold Filling and Curing Simulation in Thin Cavities with Preplaced Fiber Mats
  23. Predicting the Skin-Core Boundary Location in Injection Moldings
https://doi.org/10.3139/217.910290

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Review Paper
  4. Existing Scale-up Rules for Single-screw Plasticating Extruders
  5. Internal Mixers
  6. Scale-up Effect in Internal Mixers
  7. Mixing and Extrusion of High Silica and all Silica-natural Rubber Compounds
  8. Screw Extrusion
  9. An Analytical Model of Partial and Thorough Melting in Single-screw Extruders
  10. Dimensionless Non-Newtonian Isothermal Simulation and Scale-up Considerations for Modular Intermeshing Corotating Twin Screw Extruders
  11. Erratum
  12. Die Extrusion
  13. Extrusion of Rubber Compounds and Highly Filled Thermoplastics through Coathanger Dies
  14. Pressure Oscillations during Capillary Extrusion of High Density Polyethylene
  15. Frequency Analysis of Pressure Fluctuations in a Single Screw Extruder
  16. Fibers and Films
  17. Orientation and Mechanical Property Development in the Melt Spinning of Fibers from Polyetherimide and Polyarylate
  18. Study on the Formation of β-Crystalline from Isotactic Polypropylene Fiber
  19. Biaxially-oriented Polyethylene Films by Compression of Injected Moldings
  20. Modelling of the Cooling of Semi-crystalline Polymers during their Processing
  21. Molding
  22. Non-isothermal Mold Filling and Curing Simulation in Thin Cavities with Preplaced Fiber Mats
  23. Predicting the Skin-Core Boundary Location in Injection Moldings
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