Experimental Investigation on Curing Stress in Polymer Composite Using Digital Gradient Sensing Technique
-
W. Hao
Abstract
The curing stress and deformation of epoxy resin and aramid fiber/epoxy composites was measured using Digital Gradient Sensing (DGS) technique. First, the working principle of the DGS method was explained, and the governing equations were derived based on angular deflections of light rays. Then the angle deflection of light rays due to curing stress of epoxy resin was measured, and the effect of the fiber bundle and aramid fiber fabric on the stress distribution during formation was analyzed. The experimental results show that angular deflections of light rays can be related to nonuniform distribution of curing stress in epoxy. The fiber bundles and fabric style have important effects on the curing stress distribution. These results play an important role for predicting curing stress and deformation of fiber reinforced composites.
References
Alster, D., Feilzer, A. J., De Gee, A. J. and Davidson, C. L., “Polymerization Contraction Stress in Thin Resin Composite Layers as a Function of Layer Thickness”, Dent. Mater., 13, 146–150 (1997a) 10.1016/S0109-5641(97)80115-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Alster, D., Venhoven, B. A. M., Feilzer, A. J. and Davidson, C. L., “Influence of Compliance of the Substrate Materials on Polymerization Contraction Stress in Thin Resin Composite Layers”, Biomaterials, 18, 337–341 (1997b) 10.1016/S0142-9612(96)00140-8Search in Google Scholar
Arafath, A. R. A., Vaziri, R. and Poursartip, A., “Closed-Form Solution for Process-Induced Stresses and Deformation of a Composite Part Cured on a Solid Tool: Part II – Curved Geometries”, Composites Part A, 40, 1545–1557 (2009) 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.01.009Search in Google Scholar
Davidson, C. L., Feilzer, A. J., “Polymerization Shrinkage and Polymerization Shrinkage Stress in Polymer-Based Restoratives”, J. Dent.25, 435–440 (1997) 10.1016/S0300-5712(96)00063-2Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Gopal, A. K., Adali, S. and Verijenko, V.E., “Optimal Temperature Profiles for Minimum Residual Stress in the Cure Process of Polymer Composites”, Compos. Struct., 48, 99–106 (2000) 10.1016/S0263-8223(99)00080-XSearch in Google Scholar
Hao, W., Ge, D., Ma, Y., Yao, X. and Shi, Y., “Experimental Investigation on Deformation and Strength of Carbon/Epoxy Laminated Curved Beams”, Polym. Test., 31, 520–526 (2012) 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2012.02.003Search in Google Scholar
Hao, W., Tang, C. and Ma, Y., “Study on Crack-Inclusion Interaction Using Digital Gradient Sensing Method”, Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct., (Online Version) (2015a) 10.1080/15376494.2015.1029172Search in Google Scholar
Hao, W., Tang, C., Yuan, Y. and Ma, Y., “Study on the Effect of Inclusion Shape on Crack-Inclusion Interaction Using Digital Gradient Sensing Method”, J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 29, 2021–2034 (2015b) 10.1080/01694243.2015.1045244Search in Google Scholar
Hao, W., Tang, C., Yuan, Y., Yao, X. and Ma, Y., “Experimental Study on the Fiber Pull-Out of Composites Using Digital Gradient Sensing Technique”, Polym. Test., 41, 239–244 (2015c) 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.12.005Search in Google Scholar
Heinrich, C., Aldridge, M., Wineman, A. S., Kieffer, J., Waas, A. M. and Shahwan, K. W., “Generation of Heat and Stress during the Cure of Polymers Used in Fiber Composites”, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 53, 85–111 (2012) 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2011.12.004Search in Google Scholar
Kim, H. S., Park, S. W. and Lee, D. G., “Smart Cure Cycle with Cooling and Reheating for Co-Cure Bonded Steel/Carbon Epoxy Composite Hybrid Structures for Reducing Thermal Residual Stress”, Composites Part A, 37, 1708–1721 (2006a) 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.09.015Search in Google Scholar
Kim, J. W., Lee, J. H., Kim, H. G., Kim, H. S. and Lee, D.G., “Reduction of Residual Stresses in Thick-Walled Composite Cylinders by Smart Cure Cycle with Cooling and Reheating”, Compos. Struct., 75, 261–266 (2006b) 10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.04.029Search in Google Scholar
Kinomoto, Y., Torii, M., “Photoelastic Analysis of Polymerization Contraction Stresses in Resin Composite Restorations”, J. Dent., 26, 165–171 (1998) 10.1016/S0300-5712(96)00083-8Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Li, C., Potter, K., Wisnom, M. R. and Stringer, G., “In-Situ Measurement of Chemical Shrinkage of MY750 Epoxy Resin by a Novel Gravimetric Method”, Compos. Sci. Technol., 64, 55–64 (2004) 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00199-4Search in Google Scholar
Li, J., Yao, X., Liu, Y., Cen, Z., Kou, Z. and Dai, D., “Thermo-Viscoelestic Analysis of the Integrated T-Shaped Composite Structures”, Compos. Sci. Technol., 70, 1497–1503 (2010) 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.05.005Search in Google Scholar
Li, J., Yao, X., Liu, Y., Cen, Z., Kou, Z. and Dai, D., “A Study of the Integrated Composite Material Structures under Different Fabrication Processing”, Composites Part A, 40, 455–462 (2009) 10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.10.022Search in Google Scholar
Merzlyakov, M., Mckenna, G. B. and Simon, S. L., “Cure-Induced and Thermal Stresses in a Constrained Epoxy Resin”, Composites Part A, 37, 585–591 (2006) 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.05.013Search in Google Scholar
Park, J., Lee, S. and Choi, J., “Cure Monitoring and Residual Stress Sensing of Single-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Using Electrical Resistivity Measurement”, Compos. Sci. Technol., 65, 571–580 (2005) 10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.09.019Search in Google Scholar
Periasamy, C., Tippur, H. V., “Measurement of Crack-Tip and Punch-Tip Transient Deformations and Stress Intensity Factors Using Digital Gradient Sensing Technique”, Eng. Fract. Mech., 98, 185–199 (2013a) 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.09.011Search in Google Scholar
Periasamy, C., Tippur, H. V., “Nondestructive Evaluation of Transparent Sheets Using a Full-Field Digital Gradient Sensor”, NDT&E Int., 54, 103–106 (2013b) 10.1016/j.ndteint.2012.12.007Search in Google Scholar
© 2016, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Contents
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Influence of Melt-Mixing Process Conditions on Mechanical Performance of Organoclay/Fluoroelastomer Nanocomposites
- Melt Creep Recovery of Polyamide 6 and Polypropylene Nanocomposites Blended with Layered Silicate
- Dielectric Behavior of OPEFB Reinforced Polycaprolactone Composites at X-Band Frequency
- Numerical Modeling of Bubble Growth in Microcellular Polypropylene Produced in a Core-Back Injection Process Using Chemical Blowing Agents
- Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Granite Powder Filled Jute Epoxy Composite for Slurry Jet Erosive Wear
- Rheological Modeling of Polymeric Melts in Extruders upon Two-Dimensional Shear Flow
- Experimental Investigation on Curing Stress in Polymer Composite Using Digital Gradient Sensing Technique
- Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Shrinkage and Warpage of a U-Shaped Injection Molded Part
- Modeling for Starve Fed/Flood Fed Mixing Single-Screw Extruders
- The Comparative Study of Different Mixing Methods for Microcrystalline Cellulose/Polyethylene Composites
- Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Polyethylene Parts by Rotomolding
- Numerical Simulation of Chaotic Mixing in Single Screw Extruders with Different Baffle Heights
- PPS News
- PPS News
- Seikei Kakou Abstracts
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Contents
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Influence of Melt-Mixing Process Conditions on Mechanical Performance of Organoclay/Fluoroelastomer Nanocomposites
- Melt Creep Recovery of Polyamide 6 and Polypropylene Nanocomposites Blended with Layered Silicate
- Dielectric Behavior of OPEFB Reinforced Polycaprolactone Composites at X-Band Frequency
- Numerical Modeling of Bubble Growth in Microcellular Polypropylene Produced in a Core-Back Injection Process Using Chemical Blowing Agents
- Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Granite Powder Filled Jute Epoxy Composite for Slurry Jet Erosive Wear
- Rheological Modeling of Polymeric Melts in Extruders upon Two-Dimensional Shear Flow
- Experimental Investigation on Curing Stress in Polymer Composite Using Digital Gradient Sensing Technique
- Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Shrinkage and Warpage of a U-Shaped Injection Molded Part
- Modeling for Starve Fed/Flood Fed Mixing Single-Screw Extruders
- The Comparative Study of Different Mixing Methods for Microcrystalline Cellulose/Polyethylene Composites
- Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Polyethylene Parts by Rotomolding
- Numerical Simulation of Chaotic Mixing in Single Screw Extruders with Different Baffle Heights
- PPS News
- PPS News
- Seikei Kakou Abstracts
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts