Measurement and Numerical Simulation of Void and Warpage in Glass Fiber Reinforced Molded Chunky Parts

References

Adalsteinsson, D., Sethian, J. A., “A Fast Level set Method for Propagating Interfaces”, J. Comput. Phys., 118, 2, 269–277 (1995) 10.1006/jcph.1995.1098Search in Google Scholar

Ahn, D. G., Kim, D. W. and Yoon, Y. U., “Optimal Injection Molding Conditions Considering the Core Shift for a Plastic Battery Case with Thin and Deep Walls”, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 24, 145–148 (2010) 10.1007/s12206-009-1126-5Search in Google Scholar

Autodesk, “Simulation Moldow Insight Help”, (2013a)Search in Google Scholar

Autodesk, “Simulation Moldow Insight Material Data Base”, (2013b)Search in Google Scholar

Baaijens, F., “Calculation of Residual Stresses in Injection Molded Products”, Rheol. Acta, 30, 284–299 (1991) 10.1007/BF00366642Search in Google Scholar

Chen, C.-P., Chuang, M.-T., Hsiao, Y.-H., Yang, Y.-K. and Tsa, C.-H., “Simulation and Experimental Study in Determining Injection Molding Process Parameters for Thin-Shell Plastic Parts via Design of Experiments Analysis”, Expert Syst. Appl., 36, 10752–10759 (2009) 10.1016/j.eswa.2009.02.017Search in Google Scholar

Dawson, A., Rides, M., Allen, C. R. G. and Urquhart, J. M., “Polymer-Mould Interface Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurements for Polymer Processing”, Polym. Test., 27, 5, 555–565 (2008) 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2008.02.007Search in Google Scholar

Delaunay, D., Bot, P. L., Fulchiron, R., Luye, J. F. and Regnier, G., “Nature of Contact between Polymer and Mold in Injection Molding. Part I: Influence of a Non-Perfect Thermal Contact”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 40, 7, 1682–1691 (2000a) 10.1002/pen.11300Search in Google Scholar

Delaunay, D., Le Bot, P., Fulchiron, R., Luye, J. F. and Regnier, G., “Nature of Contact between Polymer and Mold in Injection Molding. Part II: Influence of Mold Deflection on Pressure History and Shrinkage”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 40, 7, 1692–1700 (2000b) 10.1002/pen.11300Search in Google Scholar

Deng, Y.-M., Zhang, Y. and Lam, Y. C., “A Hybrid of Mode-Pursuing Sampling Method and Genetic Algorithm for Minimization of Injection Molding Warpage”, Mater. Des., 31, 2118–2123 (2010) 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.10.026Search in Google Scholar

Douven, L., “Towards the Computation of Properties of Injection Molded Products: Flow and Thermally Induced Stresses in Amorphous Thermoplastics”, PhD Thesis, Technical University Eindhoven, The Netherlands (1991)Search in Google Scholar

Guo, W., Hua, L., Mao, H. and Meng, Z., “Prediction of Warpage in Plastic Injection Molding Based on Design of Experiments”, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 26, 4, 1133–1139 (2012) 10.1007/s12206-012-0214-0Search in Google Scholar

Huang, M.-C., Tai, C.-C., “The effective factors in the warpage problem of an injection-molded part with a thin shell feature”, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 110, 1–9 (2001) 10.1016/S0924-0136(00)00649-XSearch in Google Scholar

Jerabek, M., Reiter, M., Herbst, H., Plank, B., Salaberger, D. and Major, Z., “Characterization of Short Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites”, Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography (iCT2012), Wels, Austria, pp. 55–58 (2012)Search in Google Scholar

Kamal, M. R., Isayev, A. I. and Liu, S. J.: Injection Molding: Technology and Fundamentals, Hanser, Munich (2009) 10.3139/9783446433731Search in Google Scholar

Kamal, M., Lai-Fook, R. and Hernandez-Arguilar, J., “Residual thermal stresses in injection moldings of thermoplastics: A theoretical and experimental study”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 42, 5, 1098–1114 (2002) 10.1002/pen.11015Search in Google Scholar

Kennedy, P., “Practical and Scientific Aspects of Injection Molding Simulation”, PhD Thesis, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands (2008)Search in Google Scholar

Kleindel, S., Eder, R., Schretter, H. and Hochenauer, C., “The Elastic Mold Deformation during the Filling and Packing Stage of the Injection Molding Process”, Smart Science, 2, 1, 44–53 (2014)10.1080/23080477.2014.11665603Search in Google Scholar

Kurtaran, H., Ozcelik, B. and Erzurumlu, T., “Warpage Optimization of a Bus Ceiling Lamp Base Using Neural Network Model and Genetic Algorithm”, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 169, 314–319 (2005) 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.03.013Search in Google Scholar

Leo, V., Cuvelliez, C., “The Effect of the Packing Parameters, Gate Geometry, and Mold Elasticity on the Final Dimensions of a Molded Part”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 36, 15, 1961–1971 (1996) 10.1002/pen.10592Search in Google Scholar

Liu, F., Zeng, S., Zhou, H. and Li, J., “A Study on the Distinguishing Responses of Shrinkage and Warpage to Processing Conditions in Injection Molding”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 125, 731–744 (2012) 10.1002/app.35564Search in Google Scholar

Lucyshyn, T., Knapp, G., Kipperer, M. and Holzer, C., “Determination of the Transition Temperature at Different Cooling Rates and its Influence on Prediction of Shrinkage and Warpage in Injection Molding Simulation”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 123, 2, 1162–1168 (2012) 10.1002/app.34591Search in Google Scholar

Mannella, G. A., Carrubba, V. L., Brucato, V., Zoetelief, W. and Haagh, G., “No-Flow Temperature in injection molding simulation”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 119, 6, 3382–3392 (2011) 10.1002/app.32987Search in Google Scholar

Menges, G., Michaeli, W. and Mohren, P.: Spritzgießwerkzeuge: Auslegung, Bau, Anwendung, Hanser, Munich (2007)10.3139/9783446446823.fmSearch in Google Scholar

Nylund, C., Meinander, K., “The Influence of Heat Transfer Coefficient on Cooling Time in Injection Molding”, Heat Mass Transfer, 41, 5, 428–431 (2005) 10.1007/s00231-004-0556-ySearch in Google Scholar

Osher, S., Sethian, J. A., “Fronts Propagating with Curvature Dependent Speed: Algorithms Based on Hamilton–Jacobi Formulation”, J. Comput. Phys.79, 1, 12–49 (1988) 10.1016/0021-9991(88)90002-2Search in Google Scholar

Osswald, T., Turng, L.-S. and Graham, P.: Injection Molding Handbook, Hanser, Munich, (2008)Search in Google Scholar

Ozcelik, B., Erzurumlu, T., “Comparison of the Warpage Optimization in the Plastic Injection Molding Using ANOVA, Neural Network Model and Genetic Algorithm”, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 171, 437–445 (2006) 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.04.120 Search in Google Scholar

Ozcelik, B., Sonat, I., “Warpage and Structural Analysis of Thin Shell Plastic in the Plastic Injection Molding”, Mater. Des., 30, 367–375 (2009) 10.1016/j.matdes.2008.04.053Search in Google Scholar

Salaberger, D., Kannappan, K. A. and Kastner, J., “Evaluation of Computed Tomography Data from Fibre Reinforced Polymers to Determine Fibre Length Distribution”, Int. Polym. Proc., 27, 283–291 (2011) 10.3139/217.2441Search in Google Scholar

Subramanian, N. R., Tingyu, L. and Seng, Y. A., “Optimizing Warpage Analysis for an Optical Housing”, Mechatronics, 15, 111–127 (2005) 10.1016/j.mechatronics.2004.05.004Search in Google Scholar

Urquhart, J. M., Brown, C. S., “The Effect of Uncertainty in Heat Transfer Data on the Simulation of Polymer Processing”, Tech. Rep. NPL Report DEPC MPR 001, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK (2004)Search in Google Scholar

Wang, J., Xie, P., Yang, W. and Ding, Y., “Online Pressure–Volume–Temperature Measurements of Polypropylene using a Testing Mold to Simulate the Injection-Molding Process”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 118, 1, 200–208 (2010) 10.1002/app.32070Search in Google Scholar

Wang, X., Zhao, G. and Wang, G., “Research on the Reduction of Sink Mark and Warpage of the Molded Part in Rapid Heat Cycle Molding Process”, Mater. Des., 47, 779–792 (2013) 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.12.047Search in Google Scholar

Yu, C. J., Sunderland, J. E. and Poli, C., “Thermal Contact Resistance in Injection Moulding”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 30, 24, 1599–1606 (1990) 10.1002/pen.760302408Search in Google Scholar

Zheng, R., Tanner, R. I. and Fan, X. J.: Injection Molding: Integration of Theory and Modeling Methods, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg (2011) 10.1007/978-3-642-21263-5Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, H.: Computer Modeling for Injection Molding: Simulation, Optimization and Control, Wiley, New Jersey (2013) 10.1002/9781118444887Search in Google Scholar

Zoetelief, W., Douven, L. and Housz, A. I., “Residual Thermal Stresses in Injection Molded Products”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 36, 14, 1886–1896 (1996) 10.1002/pen.10585Search in Google Scholar