Phase equilibria in the Au–Bi–Sn ternary system at temperatures of 80, 125, and 150 °C
-
Hsien-Ming Hsiao
, Yen-Wei Chang , Chih-Ming Chen , Pei-Yu Chen , Yi-Pin Wu and Yee-Wen Yen
Abstract
Sn–Bi alloys form some of the common types of Pb-free solders. Au is used as one of the under bump metallization layers due to advantages such as corrosion resistance and anti-oxidation properties. Phase equilibria information plays a vital role in the development of materials technology and serves as an important tool to understand interfacial reactions at heterointerfaces. In this study, the phase equilibria in the Au–Bi–Sn ternary system were experimentally investigated at temperatures of 80, 125, and 150 °C. The results indicated that a ternary phase with a composition of Au45 – 48-Bi36 – 38-Sn14–19 (at.%) was found in the Au–Bi–Sn ternary system at these three temperatures.
References
[1] WEEE EU-Directive 2002/96/EC, Official Journal of the European UnionL37 (2003) 24. 10.1109/ECODIM.2003.1322630Search in Google Scholar
[2] RoHs EU-Directive 2002/95/EC, Official Journal of the European UnionL37 (2003) 19. 10.1109/ECODIM.2003.1322630Search in Google Scholar
[3] http://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach.Search in Google Scholar
[4] Z.Mei, J.W.Morris: J. Electron. Mater.21 (1992) 599. 10.1007/BF02655427Search in Google Scholar
[5] N.C.Lee: Solder. Surf. Mt. Technol.9 (1997) 65. 10.1108/09540919710800656Search in Google Scholar
[6] C.B.Lee, S.B.Jung, Y.E.Shin, C.C.Shur: Mater. Trans.42 (2001) 751. 10.2320/matertrans.42.751Search in Google Scholar
[7] P.J.Shang, Z.Q.Liu, J.K.Shang: J. Electron. Mater.38 (2009) 2579. 10.1007/s11664-009-0894-0Search in Google Scholar
[8] F.Guo, M.Zhao, Z.Xia, Y.Lei, X.Li, Y.Shi: JOM61 (2009) 39. 10.1007/s11837-009-0086-7Search in Google Scholar
[9] C.H.Yeh, L.S.Chang, B.Straumal: J. Mater. Sci.46 (2011) 1557. 10.1007/s10853-010-4961-ySearch in Google Scholar
[10] L.Shen, P.Septiwerdani, Z.Chen: Mater. Sci. Eng. A558 (2012) 253. 10.1016/j.msea.2012.07.120Search in Google Scholar
[11] S.Amares, M.N.E.Efzan, T.C.Yap: Adv. Mater. Res.845 (2014) 261. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.845.261Search in Google Scholar
[12] Y.W.Yen, W.K.Liou, C.M.Chen, C.K.Lin, M.K.Huang: Mater. Chem. Phys.128 (2011) 233. 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.03.004Search in Google Scholar
[13] Y.W.Yen, R.S.Syu, C.M.Chen, C.C.Jao, G.D.Chen: Microelectron. Reliab.54 (2014) 233. 10.1016/j.microrel.2013.09.003Search in Google Scholar
[14] X.Chen, F.Xue, J.Zhou, Y.Yao: J. Alloys Compd.633 (2015) 377. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.219Search in Google Scholar
[15] H.Okamoto: J. Phase Equilib. Diffus.31 (2010) 205. 10.1007/s11669-010-9659-ySearch in Google Scholar
[16] H.Okamoto, T.B.Massalski: Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams4 (1983) 401. 10.1007/BF02868093Search in Google Scholar
[17] H.Okamoto, T.B.Massalski: Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams5 (1984) 492. 10.1007/BF02872904Search in Google Scholar
[18] H.Okamoto: J. Phase Equilib.14 (1993) 765. 10.1007/BF02667892Search in Google Scholar
[19] J.Ciulik, M.R.Noris: J. Alloys Compd.191 (1993) 71. 10.1016/0925-8388(93)90273-PSearch in Google Scholar
[20] H.S.Liu, C.L.Liu, K.Ishida, Z.P.Jin: J. Electron. Mater.32 (2003) 1290. 10.1007/s11664-003-0025-2Search in Google Scholar
[21] H.Okamoto: J. Phase Equilib. Diffus.28 (2007) 490. 10.1007/s11669-007-9147-1Search in Google Scholar
[22] A.Prince, G.V.Raynor, D.S.Evans: Phase Diagrams of Ternary Gold Alloys, Inst. Met., London (1990) 168.Search in Google Scholar
[23] O.Kubaschewski, in: G.Effenberg, F.Aldinger, A.Prince (Eds.), Ternary Alloys, Vol. 12, VCH, New York (1995) 207.Search in Google Scholar
[24] F.Gao, C.Wang, X.Liu, Y.Takaku, I.Ohnuma, K.Ishida: J. Mater. Res.25 (2010) 576. 10.1557/JMR.2010.0056Search in Google Scholar
[25] American Ceramic Society, in JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data, Swarthmore, PA (2003).Search in Google Scholar
[26] Y.W.Yen, D.P.Huang, J.W.Su: J. Alloys Compd.457 (2008) 270. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.03.053Search in Google Scholar
[27] W.K.Liou, Y.W.Yen: Intermetallics17 (2009) 72. 10.1016/j.intermet.2008.10.001Search in Google Scholar
[28] C.Y.Chen, H.J.Wu, S.W.Chen: J. Alloys Compd.547 (2013) 100. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.08.071Search in Google Scholar
[29] J.S.Chang, S.W.Chen, K.C.Chiu, H.J.Wu, J.J.Chen: Metall. Mater. Trans. A45 (2014) 3728. 10.1007/s11661-014-2318-xSearch in Google Scholar
© 2016, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Contents
- Original Contributions
- Interdiffusion in bcc_B2 Ni–Al–Cu alloys at 1 173 K
- Hydrogen storage kinetics of nanocrystalline and amorphous NdMg12-type alloy–Ni composites synthesized by mechanical milling
- Phase equilibria in the Au–Bi–Sn ternary system at temperatures of 80, 125, and 150 °C
- Microhardness of decorative gold coatings obtained from gold complex based on mercaptotriazole: Comparison with cyanide
- Friction and wear of diamond-like carbon film deposited on CoCrMo alloy under different lubrication
- Wrought aluminium–magnesium alloys subjected to SPD processing
- Relationships between mechanical and tribological properties of Zn-15Al-based ternary and quaternary alloys
- Gel-casting of porous alumina ceramics with high mechanical strength
- Comparing predictions from constitutive equations and artificial neural network model of compressive behavior in carbon nanotube–aluminum reinforced ZA27 composites
- Identification of the effective thermal conductivity of a powdered composite using a genetic algorithm
- Short Communications
- Boride coating on the surface of WC–Co-based cemented carbide
- People
- Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Günter Petzow on the occasion of his 90th birthday
- DGM News
- DGM News
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Contents
- Original Contributions
- Interdiffusion in bcc_B2 Ni–Al–Cu alloys at 1 173 K
- Hydrogen storage kinetics of nanocrystalline and amorphous NdMg12-type alloy–Ni composites synthesized by mechanical milling
- Phase equilibria in the Au–Bi–Sn ternary system at temperatures of 80, 125, and 150 °C
- Microhardness of decorative gold coatings obtained from gold complex based on mercaptotriazole: Comparison with cyanide
- Friction and wear of diamond-like carbon film deposited on CoCrMo alloy under different lubrication
- Wrought aluminium–magnesium alloys subjected to SPD processing
- Relationships between mechanical and tribological properties of Zn-15Al-based ternary and quaternary alloys
- Gel-casting of porous alumina ceramics with high mechanical strength
- Comparing predictions from constitutive equations and artificial neural network model of compressive behavior in carbon nanotube–aluminum reinforced ZA27 composites
- Identification of the effective thermal conductivity of a powdered composite using a genetic algorithm
- Short Communications
- Boride coating on the surface of WC–Co-based cemented carbide
- People
- Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Günter Petzow on the occasion of his 90th birthday
- DGM News
- DGM News