Enhancing photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanostructures by doping with Ce+4 ions prepared in water using ultrasonic irradiation

Amir Omidi; Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh

doi:10.3139/146.111015

Article

Enhancing photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanostructures by doping with Ce⁺⁴ ions prepared in water using ultrasonic irradiation

Amir Omidi and Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh

Published/Copyright: March 8, 2014

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From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 105 Issue 3

Abstract

Ultrasound was applied for preparation of ZnO nanostructures doped with different Ce/Zn ratios in water by irradiation for 60 min. In this method, zinc acetate, cerium sulfate and sodium hydroxide were used as starting materials without using any organic additives or post preparation treatments. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the nanostructures are excellently crystallized in the form of wurtzite hexagonal phase. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images show that the morphology of the nanostructures changes by doping with Ce⁺⁴ ions. The presence of the elements in the nanostructures was verified by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra of the nanostructures are similar to each other and they have a maximum at about 361 nm. The nanostructures with 0.025 mole fraction of Ce⁺⁴ ions exhibit the highest activity for degradation of methylene blue under UV irradiation. The reaction rate constant decreases with calcination temperature. Moreover, the rate constants in more acidic and alkaline solutions are lower than those of the neutral conditions. The photocatalyst retains 90 % of activity after being used four times.

Keywords: Ultrasonic irradiation; Nanostructures; Photocatalysis; Ce-doped ZnO

* Correspondence address, Dr. Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, Tel.: +98 0451 5514701, Fax: +98 0451 5514702, E-mail: ahabibi@uma.ac.ir

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Received: 2013-06-22

Accepted: 2013-10-14

Published Online: 2014-03-08

Published in Print: 2014-03-11

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https://doi.org/10.3139/146.111015

Keywords for this article

Ultrasonic irradiation; Nanostructures; Photocatalysis; Ce-doped ZnO