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Longitudinal dispersion of radioactive substances in Federal waterways

  • W. J. Krause , W. Speer , T. Lüllwitz , M. Cremer und W. Tolksdorf
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 20. Mai 2013
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Kerntechnik
Aus der Zeitschrift Kerntechnik Band 72 Heft 4

Abstract

In the context of radioactivity monitoring in German Federal Waterways (BWStr) by the Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) according to the Precautionary Radiation Protection Act (StrVG), the prediction of the dispersion of radioactive substances in water is one of the key tasks. The aim is the forecasting of the longitudinal dispersion of concentrations of soluble hazardous substances in flowing water. These predictions are based on the so-called dispersion tests with tritium as a tracer that the BfG has performed since 1980. Characteristic parameters like discharge-dependent flow velocities, dispersion and elimination constants related to emission sources or selected river sections are determined. They will serve as basis for a mathematical model to forecast discharge-dependent flow velocities, expected impact times, concentration maxima, and the duration of critical increases in concentrations. In the following, the results obtained till now from three investigation campaigns on the River Weser and its source rivers Werra and Fulda are described.

Kurzfassung

Im Rahmen der großräumigen Überwachung der Bundeswasserstraßen (BWStr) auf radioaktive Stoffe durch die Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (BfG) gemäß dem Strahlenschutzvorsorgegesetz (StrVG) ist die Erstellung von Ausbreitungsprognosen eine von mehreren Maßnahmen des Überwachungskonzepts. Hierbei können Vorhersagen zur longitudinalen Ausbreitung der Schadstoffkonzentration in der fließenden Welle getroffen werden. Diesen Vorhersagen liegen sog. Dispersionsuntersuchungen mit Tritium als Leitstoff an BWStr zugrunde, die die BfG seit 1980 durchführt. Für einzelne Flussabschnitte werden charakteristische Parameter wie abflussabhängige Fließgeschwindigkeiten und emittenten- sowie teilstreckenbezogene Dispersions- und Eliminationskonstanten bestimmt, anhand derer im Rahmen eines mathematischen Modells abflussabhängige Fließzeiten, erwartete Einwir-kungszeitpunkte, Konzentrationsmaxima und die Dauer von kritischen Konzentrationserhöhungen vorausberechnet werden können. Es wird über die bisher an der Weser erhaltenen Ergebnisse aus drei Untersuchungskampagnen berichtet.

References

1 Krause, W. J.; Krinitzky, T.; Crener, M.: Flow time, flow velocity and longitudinal dispersion in Mosella and Weser rivers (in German), Ministry of the Environment, Nature Protection and Nuclear Safety (BMU) – Environmental Politics – 12th Special Conference: Control of the Environmental Radioactivity, Bonn. 8.-10. 04. 2003, Conference volume, p. 389–399; BMU editorSuche in Google Scholar

2 Mundschenk, H.; Krause, W. J.: On the longitudinal dispersion in free flowing and dam regulated rivers with the Rhine and Neckar rivers as examples (in German), German Hydrologic Communications (DGM)25 (1981) 1–12Suche in Google Scholar

3 Mundschenk, H.; Krause, W. J.: On the determination of flow times and longitudinal dispersion at the Upper Rhine with 3HHO as a tracer (in German), German Hydrologic Communications (DGM)35 (1991) 93–107Suche in Google Scholar

4 Krause, W. J.; Mundschenk, H.: On the determination of flow times, flow velocities and longitudinal dispersion at the Middle and Lower Rhine with 3HHO as a tracer (in German)German Hydrologic Communications (DGM)38 (1994) 128–142Suche in Google Scholar

5 Krause, W. J.; Mundschenk, H.; Rost, W.: On the determination of flow times and longitudinal dispersion at the Main river with 3HHO as a tracer (in German), German Hydrologic Communications (DGM)31 (1987) 107–119Suche in Google Scholar

6 Krause, W. J.; Mundschenk, H.: On the determination of flow times, flow velocities and longitudinal dispersion at the Main river with 3HHO as a tracer (in German), J for water and waste water investigations, (Z. Wasser-Abwasser-Forsch.)25 (1992) 23–29Suche in Google Scholar

7 Mundschenk, H.: On the determination of flow times and longitudinal dispersion in natural flowing (Neckar) with 3HHO as a tracer (in German), German Hydrologic Communications (DGM)26 (1982) 88–98Suche in Google Scholar

8 Krause, W. J.; Mundschenk, H.: On the determination of flow times, flow velocities and longitudinal dispersion at the Neckar river with 3HHO as a tracer (in German), German Hydrologic Communications (DGM)41 (1997) 154–166Suche in Google Scholar

9 Krause, W. J.: Determination of flow times and characteristical data for longitudinal dispersion at the Mosella river with tritium as a tracer as a basis for dispersion prognoses (in German), in: Annual Report 1999 of the Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) Koblenz, (2000) 57–61Suche in Google Scholar

Received: 2007-5-2
Published Online: 2013-05-20
Published in Print: 2007-08-01

© 2007, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Summaries/Kurzfassungen
  4. Summaries
  5. Editorial
  6. Environmental monitoring in the case of a radiological event
  7. Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
  8. The revised program for measurements in intense operation mode according to AVV-IMIS
  9. Early emergency response by means of dispersion forecasting – emergency management of the Deutscher Wetterdienst in the context of national and international agreements
  10. Improvement, extension and integration of operational Decision Support Systems for nuclear emergency management (DSSNET)
  11. European approach to nuclear and radiological emergency management and rehabilitation strategies (EURANOS)
  12. Bilateral information and data exchange in case of nuclear emergencies in the German-Dutch border region
  13. Implementation of decision support systems in Austria
  14. Source term assessment as a basis for protective measures for the population in case of a nuclear accident in a nuclear power plant with radiological consequences
  15. Characterization of dose rate instruments for environmental radiation monitoring
  16. Rapid determination of strontium radionuclides in plants, fodder and foodstuffs
  17. Longitudinal dispersion of radioactive substances in Federal waterways
  18. Fast online system for forecasting environmental impact during an incident
  19. Harnessing monitoring measurements in urban environments for decision making after nuclear accidents
  20. Correction of deposition predictions with data assimilation
  21. Potentials and limits of electronic situation displays
  22. Requirements of emergency control managements on data and information for assessment of the radiological situation in case of a severe accident in a nuclear power plant
  23. deNIS IIplus – computer-assisted crisis management system
  24. Iodine Prophylaxis following nuclear accidents – a concept how to distribute potassium-iodide tablets out of the central stocks in the event of an accident
https://doi.org/10.3139/124.100343

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Summaries/Kurzfassungen
  4. Summaries
  5. Editorial
  6. Environmental monitoring in the case of a radiological event
  7. Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
  8. The revised program for measurements in intense operation mode according to AVV-IMIS
  9. Early emergency response by means of dispersion forecasting – emergency management of the Deutscher Wetterdienst in the context of national and international agreements
  10. Improvement, extension and integration of operational Decision Support Systems for nuclear emergency management (DSSNET)
  11. European approach to nuclear and radiological emergency management and rehabilitation strategies (EURANOS)
  12. Bilateral information and data exchange in case of nuclear emergencies in the German-Dutch border region
  13. Implementation of decision support systems in Austria
  14. Source term assessment as a basis for protective measures for the population in case of a nuclear accident in a nuclear power plant with radiological consequences
  15. Characterization of dose rate instruments for environmental radiation monitoring
  16. Rapid determination of strontium radionuclides in plants, fodder and foodstuffs
  17. Longitudinal dispersion of radioactive substances in Federal waterways
  18. Fast online system for forecasting environmental impact during an incident
  19. Harnessing monitoring measurements in urban environments for decision making after nuclear accidents
  20. Correction of deposition predictions with data assimilation
  21. Potentials and limits of electronic situation displays
  22. Requirements of emergency control managements on data and information for assessment of the radiological situation in case of a severe accident in a nuclear power plant
  23. deNIS IIplus – computer-assisted crisis management system
  24. Iodine Prophylaxis following nuclear accidents – a concept how to distribute potassium-iodide tablets out of the central stocks in the event of an accident
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