Effect of vulcanization time on crosslink density and aging performance of natural rubber composites
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Ece Unur Yilmaz
Abstract
Natural rubber composites are widely used in the automotive industry because of their improved viscoelastic characteristics that are mostly governed by crosslink density. However, rubber parts suffer deterioration of performance over long service lives. Therefore, optimization of crosslink density and prediction of changes in physico-mechanical properties over time at elevated temperatures is extremely important for the production of safe auto parts. In this work, the effect of vulcanization time on crosslink density and thus the performance and lifetime of natural rubberbased auto parts was investigated. The natural rubber mixture prepared in this context was vulcanized for 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes at a constant temperature of 160 °C. The crosslink density of each vulcanizite was determined by equilibrium swelling tests and the Flory-Rehner equation. The maximum crosslink density (10.75 × 10-5 mol × cm-3) and the minimum permanent compression set values (10 % at 70 °C and 25 % at 100 °C) were recorded for the sample vulcanized for 10 minutes (v10). Aging behavior of the samples were investigated by stress relaxation tests performed at 85 °C, 100 °C and 120 °C. The service lives of the vulcanizites at different temperatures were predicted by linear Arrhenius fits of degradation times. The sample vulcanized for 10 minutes (v10) was shown to exhibit a service life of 2282 hours at 70 °C in air and the optimum physico-mechanical performance under real operating conditions. The performance and lifetime prediction procedure used in this work could be employed in an early design of rubber components for specific applications.
© 2020 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
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Articles in the same Issue
- CONTENTS
- Materials Testing
- FACHBEITRÄGE
- Tearing defect maps for the deep drawing of AISI 304 rectangular cups
- Effect of material and dimensions on the mechanical behavior of a dental implant
- Effect of zirconium addition on the phase evolution of chromium zirconium nitride prepared by magnetron sputtering
- Effect of carbides on the wear resistance of white cast iron alloyed with 12.7 wt.-% Cr and nickel
- Investigations on microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA 2024-T351
- Effect of mechanical stress on electrochemical corrosion of X65 carbon steel in CO2 saturated brine
- Removing of sulfide corrosion layers by an arc plasma process
- Synergistic effect of biomass-derived carbon and conducting polymer coatings on the supercapacitive energy storage performance of TiO2
- Laser cutting of ductile cast iron
- Investigation of the shearing length in the orthogonal turning of a steel AISI 1050
- Defects and post-manufac- turing processes of additively manufactured steels: A Review (Part 2)
- Influence of physical properties on boring operations of AISI 1050 steel bars
- Effect of vulcanization time on crosslink density and aging performance of natural rubber composites
- Effects of the welding current on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of a magnetic oscillated arc welded AZ31B magnesium alloy
- BEZUGSQUELLEN
- IMPRESSUM
