Material qualification of a 13Cr-L80 casing for sour conditions
-
Qishuai Yin
Abstract
This work aims to determine the material qualification of 13Cr-L80 casing for sour conditions which is of great importance to check the sulfide stress cracking susceptibility, confirm the range of applicable conditions and recommend anti-corrosion materials. First, the casing material was tested to judge whether its properties were normal. Secondly, the testing matrix was defined to determine actual casing exposure conditions. Thirdly, slow strain rate testing was used to screen the conditions. Fourthly, thirty-day tests of uniaxial tensile specimens were conducted to check for SSC susceptibility. The casing material satisfied API 5CT standards and could be used for slow strain rate testing and sulfide stress cracking testing. The testing matrix is intended to distinguish the combined effect of temperatures (41, 75, 140 °F), chloride levels (1000, 13 000 mg × L−1), pH (3.5, 5.5) and partial pressures of H2S (3.5 psi) in shut-in and flowing conditions. The slow strain rate testing showed a reduction of signs of embrittlement with increased temperature, suggesting that the mechanism is supported by sulfide stress cracking. The 13Cr-L80 passed field-specific qualification tests for sulfide stress cracking resistance in sour wells at maximum H2S partial pressures of 3.5 psi in the casing-tubing annulus. The API 5CT 13Cr-L80 casing application is in compliance with ISO15156/NACE MR0175 standards as long as the aggressiveness of the field conditions does not go beyond the envelope conditions tested (3.5 psi of H2S, pH 3.5, temperature of 41 or 75 °F).
References
1 Q. S.Yin, J.Yang, Y. P.Yang, W. L.Li, C. B.Kan, N. D.Hu, X. L.Chen, Y. T.Li: Origin of H_2S and corrosion analysis of tubing in offshore oilfield flooding, Surface Technology46 (2017), No. 9, pp. 171–17810.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2017.09.027Search in Google Scholar
2 E.Taban, E.Kaluc, O. O.Ojo: Properties, weldability and corrosion behavior of supermartensitic stainless steels for on- and offshore applications, Materials Testing58 (2016), No. 6, pp. 501–51810.3139/120.110884Search in Google Scholar
3 C. Y.Tan, Q. S.Yin, J.Yang, H. M.Xiu, W. L.Li, X. L.Chen: Corrosion mechanism of l80 tubing in a bohai oilfield, Surface Technology46 (2017), No. 3, pp. 236–24510.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2017.03.036Search in Google Scholar
4 N.Kasemkomase, P.Ouraipryvan, A. W.Lothongkum, G.Lothongkum: Effect of the batch annealing atmosphere on the oxide scale of hot-rolled AISI 430 stainless steel, Materials Testing59 (2017), No. 5, pp. 417–42410.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2017.03.036Search in Google Scholar
5 M.Watfa: Downhole casing corrosion monitoring and interpretation techniques to evaluate corrosion in multiple casing strings, SPE Production Engineering6 (1991), No. 3, pp. 283–29010.2118/17931-PASearch in Google Scholar
6 D. L.Gao, L. C.Tan, J. H.Zhou, W. H.Liu, X.Li, Y. S.Liu, Z. X.Wang, Y.Gu, W. L.Li: Failure analysis of a cracked Q125 casing for ultra-deep wells at the Tarim Oilfield, Materials Testing60 (2018), No. 10, pp. 1026–103210.3139/120.111246Search in Google Scholar
7 C. J.Cron, G. A.Marsh: Overview of economic and engineering aspects of corrosion in oil and gas production, Society of Petroleum Engineers35(1983), No. 6, pp. 1033–104110.2118/9983-PASearch in Google Scholar
8 R. R.Wheeler: Improving field economics through the use of modern casing-corrosion logging tools and techniques, Society of Petroleum Engineers (1998), No. 1, pp. 761–77610.2118/49297-MSSearch in Google Scholar
9 Z. A.Che, Z.Zhang, S. H.Chen, M. R.Shao, Z.G.He: Analysis on the influence of corrosion on casing strength in acidic gas field development, Oil Drilling & Production Technology34 (2012), No. 4, pp. 114–11810.13639/j.odpt.2012.04.037Search in Google Scholar
10 H.Ockelmann, F. E.Blount: Ten years' experience with sour gas production in Germany, Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Las Vegas (1973), pp. 1–1210.2118/4663-MSSearch in Google Scholar
11 E.Jonckheere: Principal component analysis of flexible systems-open-loop case, Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems29(1984), No. 12, pp. 1095–109710.1007/BFb0031077Search in Google Scholar
12 S.Rahimi, K.Mehrez, T. J.Marrow: Effect of surface machining on intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in sensitized type-304 austenitic stainless steel, Corrosion Engineering Science & Technology51(2016), No. 5, pp. 383–39110.1080/1478422X.2015.1122295Search in Google Scholar
13 E.Caldwell, G.Gibson, L.Jordan: Further analysis on M13Cr-110 nace Tm0177 method a test acceptability prediction, Archiv Für Kriminologie164 (2011), No. 1–2, pp. 1–1610.1007/BF01111186Search in Google Scholar
14 R.Puthalath, A. O.Surendranathan, C. S. N.Murthy: Protective performance of furfuryl alcohol on 13cr l80 steel against corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research53 (2014), No. 1, pp. 23–3010.1021/ie4014716Search in Google Scholar
15 J. C.Dethlefs, C. G.Blount, J. C.Bollinger: Near-surface external-casing corrosion in Alaska: cause and mitigation, SPE Drilling & Completion23 (2006), No. 4, pp. 339–346, 10.2118/100432-PASearch in Google Scholar
16 W.Sun, S.Ling, R. V.Reddy, J.Pacheco, M.Asmann, N. M.Nor, M. S.Kersey, L. B.Morshidi, R. S.Nisbet: Integrated Approach to Quantify L80 Tubing Corrosion for high-rate sour gas wells, International Petroleum Technology Conference, International Petroleum Technology Conference, Bangkok (2011), pp. 1–810.2523/IPTC-14933-MSSearch in Google Scholar
17 ASTM G 129-2006: Standard practice for slow strain rate testing to evaluate the susceptibility of metallic materials to environmentally assisted cracking, Part 1, US-ASTM, United States (2006)Search in Google Scholar
18 ISO Standard 15156/NACEMR0175: Petroleum and natural gas industries – materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production, Part 1, NACE, United States (2001)Search in Google Scholar
19 R.Wang, S. J.Luo, M.Liu, Y. N.Xue: Electrochemical corrosion performance of Cr and Al alloy steels using a J55 carbon steel as base alloy, Corrosion Science85 (2014), pp. 270–27910.1016/j.corsci.2014.04.023Search in Google Scholar
20 T. A.Baudendistel, J. W.Farrell, M. F.Kidder: To treat or not to treat? Optimized water decisions throughout the produced-water management cycle, Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, San Antonio (2015), pp. 1–1410.15530/URTEC-2015-2173857Search in Google Scholar
21 C.Verlaan, G. V.der Zwet: Challenges and opportunities in sour gas developments, Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Conference and Exhibition, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Abu Dhabi (2012), pp. 1–1110.2118/162167-MSSearch in Google Scholar
22 M.Loveland, J.Burton: Well integrity assurance: a successful method for external corrosion and damage detection on outer and middle concentric strings of casing, SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Anaheim, California, USA (2007), pp. 1–710.2118/108698-MSSearch in Google Scholar
23 I.Pollitt, J.Conde: Novel approaches to sour gas treatment in oil and gas – onshore and offshore facilities, Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Abu Dhabi (2018), pp. 1–2810.2118/193115-MSSearch in Google Scholar
24 G.Cabello, G. P.Funkhouser, J.Cassidy, C. E.Kiser, J.Lane, A.Cuesta: Co and trans-cinnamaldehyde as corrosion inhibitors of i825, l80-13cr and n80 alloys in concentrated hcl solutions at high pressure and temperature, Electrochimica Acta97(2013), pp. 1–910.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.011Search in Google Scholar
25 K.Yurtisik, S.Tirkes: Fatigue cracking of hybrid plasma gas metal arc welded 2205 duplex stainless steel, Materials Testing56(2014), No. 10, pp. 800–80510.3139/120.110643Search in Google Scholar
26 A. B.Basyigit, A.Kurt: Corrosion properties and impact toughness of 2205 duplex stainless steel after TIG welding, Materials Testing56(2014), No. 10, pp. 786–79410.3139/120.110628Search in Google Scholar
27 G.Pusch, P.Trubitz: Bruchmechanische prüfverfahren für die kennwertermittlung bei statischer, zyklischer und dynamischer Beanspruchung, Materials Testing51(2009), No. 11–12, pp. 738–74710.3139/120.110089Search in Google Scholar
28 W.Bradley, J.Fontenot: The prediction and control of casing wear, Journal of Petroleum & Technology27 (1975), No. 2, pp. 233–245, 10.2118/5122-PASearch in Google Scholar
29 L.Tan, D.Gao, J.Zhou: A prediction model of casing wear in extended-reach drilling with buckled drill string, Journal of Applied Mechanics85 (2018), No. 2, pp. 1–11, 10.1115/1.4038424Search in Google Scholar
30 W.Yan, Y.Xiang, W. L.Li, J. G.Deng: Downhole CO2 partial pressure calculation and tubing material selection – a case study of an offshore oil field in the south China sea, Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials63(2016), No. 5, pp. 414–42010.1108/ACMM-04-2016-1662Search in Google Scholar
31 M. D.Al-Ajmi, N. M.Al-Hajri, A. T.Mishkes, M. C.Saloojee, M. F.Fayyaz: Strategies for early detection of downhole casing failures caused by corrosive formations, SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Perth (2016), pp. 1–1410.2118/182236-MSSearch in Google Scholar
32 M. S.Bruno: Geomechanical and decision analyses for mitigating compaction-related casing damage, SPE Drilling & Completion17 (2002), No. 3, pp. 179–18810.2118/79519-PASearch in Google Scholar
33 T.Rogne, M.Svenning: Effect of chloride and partial pressure of H2S on the SSC susceptibility of martensitic SS, Asme International Conference on Offshore Mechanics & Arctic Engineering2 (2003), No. OMAE2003-37191, pp. 97–10110.1115/OMAE2003-37191Search in Google Scholar
34 M.Calmunger, G. C.Chai, S.Johansson, J.Moverare: Damage and fracture behaviors in aged austenitic materials during high-temperature slow strain rate testing, Key Engineering Materials592–593(2014), pp. 590–59310.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.592-593.590Search in Google Scholar
35 R. K. S.Raman, B. C.Muddle: Investigation of caustic stress corrosion cracking of a carbon steel by slow strain rate testing, Materials Science & Technology19(2013), No. 5, pp. 642–64410.1179/026708303225010812Search in Google Scholar
36 T. J.Wilhelm, C.Klesen: Partial repair of thermally sprayed and sealed corrosion protection – Organic coating material or thermal spraying?, Materials Testing60 (2018), No. 2, pp. 179–18310.3139/120.111134Search in Google Scholar
37 S. J.Li, Z. G.Zhang, E.Akiyama, K.Tsuzaki, B. P.Zhang: Evaluation of susceptibility of high strength steels to delayed fracture by using cyclic corrosion test and slow strain rate test, Corrosion Science52 (2010), No. 5, pp.1660–166710.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.592-593.590Search in Google Scholar
38 L. J.An, Y. T.Zhao, Q. F.Li: Slow strain rate tensile testing for evaluating stress corrosion cracking of type-40cr steel in the acidic chloride solution, Key Engineering Materials348–349 (2007), pp. 348–349, 877–880 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.348-349.877Search in Google Scholar
39 L.Smith: Control of corrosion in oil and gas production tubing, British Corrosion Journal34(1999), No. 4, pp. 247–25310.1179/000705999101500905Search in Google Scholar
40 E.Taban, E.Kaluc: Plasma arc welding of AISI316Ti (EN 1.4571) stainless steel: mechanical, microstructural, corrosion aspects, materials testing56 (2014), No. 4, pp. 294–29910.3139/120.110560Search in Google Scholar
© 2019, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
Articles in the same Issue
- Inhalt/Contents
- Contents
- Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
- In situ computed tomography for the characterization of the fatigue damage development in glass fiber-reinforced polyurethane
- Phase evolution of surface-modified Incoloy 825 superalloy using pack aluminization
- Material qualification of a 13Cr-L80 casing for sour conditions
- Influence of processing parameters on the fatigue life time of specimens made from quenched and tempered steel SAE 4140H
- Impact of notch geometry on dynamic strength of materials
- Hygrothermal environment effects on mechanical properties of T700/3228 CFRP laminates
- Effect of austenitizing temperature on the microstructure evolution and properties of Cu-bearing CADI
- Characterization of the boron layer formed by pack boronizing of binary iron-niobium alloys
- Corrosion inhibition of steel in a sodium chloride solution by natural honey
- Effect of notch-depth ratio on intermittent electromagnetic radiation from Cu-Ni alloy under tension
- Physical, mechanical and thermal behavior of recycled agro waste GSA reinforced green composites
- Effects of multi-pass cutting during wire electrical discharging
- Effects of thrust force variation during the drilling of pure and chemically treated Kevlar based polymer composites
- Dynamic mechanical and fracture morphology of kevlar fiber filled groundnut reinforced epoxy composites
Articles in the same Issue
- Inhalt/Contents
- Contents
- Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
- In situ computed tomography for the characterization of the fatigue damage development in glass fiber-reinforced polyurethane
- Phase evolution of surface-modified Incoloy 825 superalloy using pack aluminization
- Material qualification of a 13Cr-L80 casing for sour conditions
- Influence of processing parameters on the fatigue life time of specimens made from quenched and tempered steel SAE 4140H
- Impact of notch geometry on dynamic strength of materials
- Hygrothermal environment effects on mechanical properties of T700/3228 CFRP laminates
- Effect of austenitizing temperature on the microstructure evolution and properties of Cu-bearing CADI
- Characterization of the boron layer formed by pack boronizing of binary iron-niobium alloys
- Corrosion inhibition of steel in a sodium chloride solution by natural honey
- Effect of notch-depth ratio on intermittent electromagnetic radiation from Cu-Ni alloy under tension
- Physical, mechanical and thermal behavior of recycled agro waste GSA reinforced green composites
- Effects of multi-pass cutting during wire electrical discharging
- Effects of thrust force variation during the drilling of pure and chemically treated Kevlar based polymer composites
- Dynamic mechanical and fracture morphology of kevlar fiber filled groundnut reinforced epoxy composites