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Effect of Spacer on Surface Activity and Foam Properties of Betaine Gemini Surfactants

  • Lei Wang , Pei Liu , Xiaojuan Lai , Jie Wang and Huaixin Li
Published/Copyright: May 6, 2019
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 56 Issue 3

Abstract

A series of betaine-type Gemini surfactants (Cs-BGS, where C is the methylene part of the spacer, s = 2, 4, 6) were synthesized from sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate, oleamidopropyl dimethylamine and bromoalkane. The chemical structure of the prepared compounds was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR spectra, and elemental analysis. Their critical micelle formation concentrations (CMC) in the aqueous solution at 25 °C were determined by measuring the surface tension and the electrical conductivity. As the length of the spacer increased, the values of their CMC and γcmc also increased. The surface tension measurements of C2-BGS revealed that the surfactant possesses a low CMC, is very efficient in reducing the surface tension, and is very strongly adsorbed at the air-water interface. In addition, the adsorption and micellization behavior of Cs-BGS was estimated from the efficiency of surface tension reduction (pC20), minimum average surface area per surfactant molecule (Amin), and standard free energies of micellization and adsorption. These properties are significantly affected by the spacers and the adsorption is more favored than the micellization.

Kurzfassung

Eine Reihe von Gemini-Tensiden vom Betain-Typ (Cs-BGS, wobei C der Methylenteil des Spacers ist, s = 2, 4, 6) wurde aus Natrium-3-chlor-2-hydroxypropansulfonat, Oleamidopropyldimethylamin und Bromalkan synthetisiert. Die chemische Struktur der hergestellten Verbindungen wurde durch 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR-Spektroskopie und Elementaranalyse bestätigt. Ihre kritischen Mizellenbildungskonzentrationen (CMC) in der wässrigen Lösung bei 25 °C wurden durch Messung der Oberflächenspannung und der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit bestimmt. Mit zunehmender Länge des Spacers nahmen ihre CMC bzw. ihre Oberflächenspannung bei der CMC (γCMC) zu. Die Messungen der Oberflächenspannung von C2-BGS ergaben, dass das Tensid eine niedrige CMC hat, sehr effizient bei der Verringerung der Oberflächenspannung ist und an der Luft-Wasser-Grenzfläche stark adsorbiert. Darüber hinaus wurde das Adsorptions- und Mizellisierungsverhalten von Cs-BGS aus der Effizienz der Verringerung der Oberflächenspannung (pC20), der minimalen durchschnittlichen Fläche pro Tensidmolekül (Amin) und den Gibbs-Energien für die Mizellisierung und die Adsorption geschätzt. Diese Eigenschaften werden signifikant von den Spacern beeinflusst und die Adsorption ist stärker begünstigt als die Mizellenbildung.

Key words: Betaine surfactant; spacer group; surface activity; liquid-carrying properties
Stichwörter: Betaintensid; Spacergruppe; Oberflächenaktivität; Flüssigkeitstransporteigenschaften
∗Correspondence address, Professor Lai Xiaojuan, 509 Laboratory of Engineering Training Center, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China, 710021, Tel.: 136-4925-5462, E-Mail:

Lei Wang is currently a professor at the college of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology. He received his Ph.D. in Applied Chemistry at Shaanxi University of Science and Technology in China. His research interests include preparation and application of oilfield chemicals and molecular structure design and properties of environmentally friendly polymer materials.

Pei Liu is a Master's student at the college of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology. Her research deals with the synthesis and the properties of surfactants.

Xiaojuan Lai is currently a professor at the college of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology. She received her Ph.D. in Material Physics and Chemistry at Shaanxi University of Science and Technology in China. Her research interests include synthesis of functional polymer materials and research on oilfield chemicals.

Jie Wang is a Master's student at the college of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology. Her research deals with the synthesis and the properties of surfactants.

Huaixin Li is an undergraduate at the college of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology. His research deals with the synthesis and the properties of surfactants.

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Received: 2018-07-03
Accepted: 2018-07-10
Published Online: 2019-05-06
Published in Print: 2019-05-15

© 2019, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

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  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Review Article
  4. Characteristic and Application of Anionic Dimeric Surfactants: A Review
  5. Body Care
  6. Reduction of Irritation Potential Caused by Anionic Surfactants in the Use of Various Forms of Collagen Derived from Marine Sources in Cosmetics for Children
  7. Environmental Chemistry
  8. Optimization of Biosorption Conditions for Surfactant Induced Decolorization by Anaerobic Sludge Granules
  9. Evaluation of Polyether Copolymer as Green Scale and Corrosion Inhibitor in Seawater
  10. Physical Chemistry
  11. Schiff' Bases as Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminum Alloy in Hydrochloric Acid Medium
  12. Study on the Synergism of Binary Surfactant Mixtures containing N-lauroyl-N-methyl Taurine Sodium
  13. Effect of Spacer on Surface Activity and Foam Properties of Betaine Gemini Surfactants
  14. Study on the Complex System of Sodium Lauryl Diphenyl Ether Disulfonate and Dodecyl Dimethyl Hydroxyethyl Ammonium Chloride
  15. Synthesis
  16. Synthesis and Properties of 9,10-Dihydroxystearic Acid Ethoxylate
  17. Synthesis and Properties of Lauryl Phosphate Monoester
  18. Novel Surfactants
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https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110615
Keywords for this article
Betaine surfactant; spacer group; surface activity; liquid-carrying properties

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Review Article
  4. Characteristic and Application of Anionic Dimeric Surfactants: A Review
  5. Body Care
  6. Reduction of Irritation Potential Caused by Anionic Surfactants in the Use of Various Forms of Collagen Derived from Marine Sources in Cosmetics for Children
  7. Environmental Chemistry
  8. Optimization of Biosorption Conditions for Surfactant Induced Decolorization by Anaerobic Sludge Granules
  9. Evaluation of Polyether Copolymer as Green Scale and Corrosion Inhibitor in Seawater
  10. Physical Chemistry
  11. Schiff' Bases as Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminum Alloy in Hydrochloric Acid Medium
  12. Study on the Synergism of Binary Surfactant Mixtures containing N-lauroyl-N-methyl Taurine Sodium
  13. Effect of Spacer on Surface Activity and Foam Properties of Betaine Gemini Surfactants
  14. Study on the Complex System of Sodium Lauryl Diphenyl Ether Disulfonate and Dodecyl Dimethyl Hydroxyethyl Ammonium Chloride
  15. Synthesis
  16. Synthesis and Properties of 9,10-Dihydroxystearic Acid Ethoxylate
  17. Synthesis and Properties of Lauryl Phosphate Monoester
  18. Novel Surfactants
  19. Dehydroabietyl Glycidyl Ether Grafted Hydroxyethyl Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and Physicochemical Properties
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