The Detergency of Surfactant Mixtures and Bentonites on Cotton Fabric
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Francisco-Javier Carrion-Fite
Abstract
The primary aim of this work is to attain improvement of the softness of cotton fabric during the washing process with ecological surfactants. To attain that improvement, sodium bentonite was added to the detergent formulations to produce a softening effect during washing and obtain the so called “soft detergent” effect. Sodium bentonite (a mineral composed mainly of hydrated aluminium silicates) was mixed with the surfactants used in ecological detergents. This product was used with a suitable particle size that, given its large specific surface area, facilitated its deposition on the cotton fabric, producing the desired effect of increasing the softness of the washed fabric. The surfactants used were an anionic surfactant, namely LAS, and two non-ionic surfactants, namely APG and AE, used separately and as mixtures, without co-formulants, to demonstrate their detersive power in one wash and repeated washes, depending on the nature of the surfactants and on their separate mixtures and mixtures in different proportions of anionic and non-ionic surfactants in combination in all cases with a constant concentration of sodium bentonite with two particle sizes. Evaluation was performed of the subjective softness (to the touch) of pairs of samples by several observers and also of changes in whiteness after deposition of the bentonite during washing.
Kurzfassung
Das primäre Ziel dieser Arbeit war, die Weichheit von Baumwollgeweben während des Waschprozesses mit ökologischen Tensiden zu verbessern. Dazu wurde Natriumbentonit den Waschmittelformulierungen zugesetzt, um einen weichmachenden Effekt, den sog. Soft-Waschmittel-Effekt, zu erzeugen. Natriumbentonit, ein Mineral, das hauptsächlich aus hydratisierten Alumimiumsilikaten besteht, wurde mit Tensiden, die in ökologischen Waschmitteln verwendet werden, gemischt. Das verwendete Mineral hatte eine geeignete Partikelgrößenverteilung, wodurch es eine große spezifische Oberfläche aufwies. Dies erleichterte seine Abscheidung auf der Baumwolloberfläche und lieferte die erwünschte Steigerung der Weichheit des gewaschenen Gewebes. Bei den verwendeten Tensiden handelte es sich um ein anionisches Tensid (LAS) und um zwei nicht-ionische Tenside [ein Alkylpolyglucosid (APG) und ein Alkoholethoxylat (AE)]. Diese wurden sowohl allein als auch als Mischung ohne Beistoffe eingesetzt, um ihre Waschkraft in einem oder mehreren Waschvorgängen in Anhängigkeit von der Art der Tenside und der Mischungen (in verschiedenen Mischungsverhältnissen von anionischem zu nichtionischem Tensid) bei einer konstanten Konzentration an Bentonit zu demonstrieren. Die beiden Bentonite unterschieden sich in ihrer Partikelgröße. Die Bewertung erfolgte anhand der subjektiven Beurteilung der Weichheit von Probenpaaren (Grifftest) durch Testpersonen und der Veränderung des Weißgrades nach Abscheidung des Bentonits während des Waschens.
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© 2014, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Abstracts
- Abstracts
- FOCUS: Textile Detergents and Body Care Products
- Formulation, Performance and Sustainability Aspects of Liquid Laundry Detergents
- Comparison of Cleaning Power Between Alcohol Ethoxylates or Methyl Ester Ethoxylates Having Different EO Chain Lengths and a Common Anionic Surfactant
- Softening Effect of Bentonite and Redeposition of Solid Impurities on Washed Cotton Fabric
- The Detergency of Surfactant Mixtures and Bentonites on Cotton Fabric
- Physicochemical Characterization and in vivo Skin Performance of a Novel Alkyl Polyglucoside Emulsifier in Natural Cosmetic Cream-Bases
- Micellar Catalysis
- Kinetics of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Catalysed Oxidation of Cyclopentanone by N-Bromophthalimide in Acidic Medium
- Interaction of Chromium(III) Complex of Glycylphenylalanine with Ninhydrin in Aqueous and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) Micellar Media
- Micellar Extraction
- Synergistic Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelles on Copper(II) Extraction from Saline Sulfate Medium with Some Ortho-Hydroxy-Schiff Base Chelating Extractants
- Physical Chemistry
- Properties of Binary Surfactant Systems of a Cationic Ester-Containing Gemini Surfactant with Some Conventional Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Abstracts
- Abstracts
- FOCUS: Textile Detergents and Body Care Products
- Formulation, Performance and Sustainability Aspects of Liquid Laundry Detergents
- Comparison of Cleaning Power Between Alcohol Ethoxylates or Methyl Ester Ethoxylates Having Different EO Chain Lengths and a Common Anionic Surfactant
- Softening Effect of Bentonite and Redeposition of Solid Impurities on Washed Cotton Fabric
- The Detergency of Surfactant Mixtures and Bentonites on Cotton Fabric
- Physicochemical Characterization and in vivo Skin Performance of a Novel Alkyl Polyglucoside Emulsifier in Natural Cosmetic Cream-Bases
- Micellar Catalysis
- Kinetics of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Catalysed Oxidation of Cyclopentanone by N-Bromophthalimide in Acidic Medium
- Interaction of Chromium(III) Complex of Glycylphenylalanine with Ninhydrin in Aqueous and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) Micellar Media
- Micellar Extraction
- Synergistic Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelles on Copper(II) Extraction from Saline Sulfate Medium with Some Ortho-Hydroxy-Schiff Base Chelating Extractants
- Physical Chemistry
- Properties of Binary Surfactant Systems of a Cationic Ester-Containing Gemini Surfactant with Some Conventional Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions
