Startseite Compositional Analysis and Environmental Performance of LAS Produced from GTL Normal Paraffin and Different Alkylation Routes
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Compositional Analysis and Environmental Performance of LAS Produced from GTL Normal Paraffin and Different Alkylation Routes

  • C. V. Eadsforth , H. Dirkzwager und B. Maase
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 5. April 2013
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
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Abstract

The production of normal paraffin from Gas to Liquids (GTL) plants provides LAB producers with a more cost-effective feedstock than normal paraffin extracted from kerosene. Test results to date demonstrate that the performance of GTL Normal Paraffin, and LAB and LAS derived from it, however, is equal to that of kerosene derived normal paraffin. Recent work has particularly focussed on the environmental performance of LAS produced from GTL Normal Paraffin. Detailed GC and NMR analyses confirm that there is little, if any, significant difference in the analytical “profiles” of the kerosene and GTL Normal Paraffin derived LAS samples. It is therefore not surprising that there is no difference in the biodegradability of kerosene and GTL Normal Paraffin derived LAS samples. All samples achieved > 60% mineralisation after 28 days (OECD 301B); all these data were consistent with previous biodegradability data for LAS from European Chemical Bureau (ECB) and Human & Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) databases. Similarly, there is no difference in the ecotoxicity of kerosene and GTL Normal Paraffin derived LAS samples. Test results to fish (LC50), invertebrates (EC50) and algae (EC50) lay in the range 1–10 mg/l, 1–10 mg/l and 10–100 mg/l respectively; again these data are entirely consistent with previous ecotoxicity data for LAS from ECB and HERA databases.

Kurzfassung

Die Produktion von Normal-Paraffin aus GTL(Gas to Liquids)-Anlagen bietet LAB-Herstellern einen kostengünstigeren Rohstoff gegenüber aus Kerosin gewonnenes Normal-Paraffin. Aktuelle Testergebnisse zeigen, dass die Güte von GTL-Normal-Paraffin und das daraus derivatisierte LAB und LAS dennoch gleichwertig mit dem aus Kerosin gewonnenen Normal-Paraffin ist. Neueste Arbeiten konzentrieren sich insbesondere auf die Ökobilanz von aus GTL-Normal-Paraffin hergestelltes LAS. Eingehende GC- und NMR-Analysen bestätigen, dass wenn überhaupt, nur ein gering signifikanter Unterschied in den analytischen Profilen zwischen den aus Kerosin und GTL-Normal Paraffin gewonenen LAS-Proben besteht. Es ist daher nicht überraschend, dass in der biologischen Abbaubarkeit kein Unterschied zwischen den aus Kerosin und GTL-Normal-Paraffin gewonnenen LAS-Proben besteht. Alle Proben erreichen eine Mineralisierung > 60% nach 28 Tagen (OECD 301B) und alle Werte stimmen mit den bisherigen Daten zur biologischen Abbaubarkeit für LAS aus den Datenbanken des Europäischen Büros für chemische Stoffe (ECB) und des Human & Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) überein. Gleichermaßen besteht kein Unterschied in der Ökotoxizität zwischen den aus Kerosin und GTL-Normal-Paraffin gewonnenen LAS-Proben. Testergebnisse für Fisch (LC50), Wirbellose (EC50) und Algen (EC50) liegen im Bereich von 1–10 mg/l, 1–10 mg/l, bzw. 10–100 mg/l und wiederum stimmen diese Werte vollkommen mit den ökotoxikologischen Daten für LAS aus den Datenbanken von ECB und HERA überein.

Key words:: LAB precursor; LAS detergent; GTL Normal Paraffin; Kerosene normal paraffin; analytical profile; environmental performance; ecotoxicity; biodegradability
Stichwörter:: LAB-Vorstufe; LAS-Detergens; GTL-Normal-Paraffin; Normal-Paraffin aus Kerosin; analytisches Profil; Ökobilanz; Ökotoxizität; biologische Abbaubarkeit
∗ Dr. Charles Eadsforth, Shell Health, Shell Technology Centre, Thornton, P.O. Box 1, Chester CH1 3SH, Cheshire, UK, Tel.: +441513735002, Fax: +441513735053. E-mail:

Charles Eadsforth holds a BSc (Hons) in Applied Chemistry and a PhD in Biochemistry from the University of Salford, Manchester. He has worked for Shell since 1980, initially in research at Sittingbourne Research Centre and Shell Technology Centre, Thornton and more recently providing environmental support to Shell businesses. He is a member of a number of international working groups dealing with environmental safety assessment of chemicals and oil products.

Henk Dirkzwager studied Organic Chemistry at Delft University of Technology. He joined Shell after military service in 1972 and has been involved since in process and product development programmes in various chemical business areas at the Research and Technology Centre, Amsterdam and assignments abroad. He is currently the project leader for the development of GTL Normal Paraffin as feedstock for LAS based detergent.

Bas Maase holds a BSc & MSc in Chemistry from Leiden University and a BSc & MSc in Business administration from the Erasmus University, Rotterdam. He joined Shell in 1998, working in a variety of commercial roles. His current responsibility is the pre-marketing of GTL Normal Paraffin from the Pearl GTL project, which is under construction in Qatar.

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Received: 2008-02-01
Published Online: 2013-04-05
Published in Print: 2008-07-01

© 2008, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Abstracts
  4. Abstracts
  5. Analysis
  6. Identification of the Products from the Sulfonation of an Oleic Acid Methyl Ester
  7. Application
  8. Study of Adsorption of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Alumina Using Surfactant Ion-selective Electrode
  9. Foaming Power and Foam Stability of Several Alkyl Polyglycosides
  10. Environmental Chemistry
  11. Compositional Analysis and Environmental Performance of LAS Produced from GTL Normal Paraffin and Different Alkylation Routes
  12. A Biodegradation Study of Triethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether under the Conditions of the OECD Screening Test 301E
  13. Solubilization of PCBs by Surfactant Solution: Minimization of Partitioning Loss of Surfactant
  14. Physical Chemistry
  15. Effect of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide on the Oxidation of β-Alanine by N-Bromophthalimide in Acidic Medium
https://doi.org/10.3139/113.100376
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
LAB precursor; LAS detergent; GTL Normal Paraffin; Kerosene normal paraffin; analytical profile; environmental performance; ecotoxicity; biodegradability

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Abstracts
  4. Abstracts
  5. Analysis
  6. Identification of the Products from the Sulfonation of an Oleic Acid Methyl Ester
  7. Application
  8. Study of Adsorption of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Alumina Using Surfactant Ion-selective Electrode
  9. Foaming Power and Foam Stability of Several Alkyl Polyglycosides
  10. Environmental Chemistry
  11. Compositional Analysis and Environmental Performance of LAS Produced from GTL Normal Paraffin and Different Alkylation Routes
  12. A Biodegradation Study of Triethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether under the Conditions of the OECD Screening Test 301E
  13. Solubilization of PCBs by Surfactant Solution: Minimization of Partitioning Loss of Surfactant
  14. Physical Chemistry
  15. Effect of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide on the Oxidation of β-Alanine by N-Bromophthalimide in Acidic Medium
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