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Interfacial Tensions, Partition Coefficients, and Interfacial Elasticities: Measures for Emulsion Stability?

  • N. Buchavzov , F. Ravera , S. Hess , Y. Liu , U. Steinbrenner and C. Stubenrauch
Published/Copyright: March 30, 2013
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 44 Issue 4

Abstract

In this study the interfacial as well as the surface tensions, the partition coefficients Kp, the interfacial elasticities, and the stabilities of o/w-emulsions of the same systems were measured and compared to find a quantitative correlation which can help to control the emulsion stability. The systems in question contain water, paraffin oil and one of four non-ionic technical surfactants commonly used as emulsifiers. While a clear correlation between emulsion stability and equilibrium interfacial tension was found, the different emulsifying capacities cannot be explained by the partition coefficients Kp or the surface tension. However, combining the Kp results with the surface tension data allows us to estimate which emulsifier is more effective in solubilising a given amount of dispersed phase. Another method to classify emulsifiers is to carry out interfacial rheology measurements over a frequency range as broad as possible. Again a clear correlation between interfacial rheology and emulsifying capacity was found. This correlation, however, was restricted to surfactants of the same class. No correlation between interfacial rheology and emulsifying capacity could be found for emulsifiers of different molecular structure.

Kurzfassung

In dieser Untersuchung wurden die Grenz- und Oberflächenspannungen, die Verteilungskoeffizienten Kp, die Grenzflächenelastizitäten sowie die Stabilitäten von o/w-Emulsionen der selben Systeme gemessen und verglichen. Ziel war, eine quantitative Korrelation zwischen diesen Größen zu finden, die hilfreich bei der Kontrolle von Emulsionsstabilitäten sein kann. Die untersuchten Systeme enthalten Wasser, Paraffinöl sowie ein nichtionisches technisches Tensid, das als Emulgator verwendet wird. Verglichen wurden vier verschiedene Emulgatoren. Es konnte eine klare Korrelation zwischen der Emulsionsstabilität und der Gleichgewichtsgrenzflächenspannung nachgewiesen werden. Allerdings können die unterschiedlichen Emulgatoreigenschaften nicht durch die Verteilungskoeffizienten oder die Oberflächenspannung erklärt werden. Dennoch erlaubt uns die Verbindung der Kp-Werte mit den Oberflächenspannungsdaten abzuschätzen, welcher Emulgator am besten geeignet ist, eine gegebene Menge Paraffinöl zu dispergieren. Eine andere Methode, Emulgatoren zu klassifizieren, besteht darin, Grenzflächenrheologiemessungen über einen größtmöglichen Frequenzbereich durchzuführen. Auch hier wurde eine klare Korrelation zwischen Grenzflächenrheologie und Emulgatoreigenschaft nachgewiesen. Diese Korrelation beschränkte sich jedoch auf Tenside der gleichen Klasse. Für Emulgatoren unterschiedlicher Molekülstruktur konnte keine Korrelation zwischen Grenzflächenrheologie und Emulgatoreigenschaft gefunden werden.

Key words:: Emulsion stability; interfacial rheology; interfacial tension; partition coefficient
Stichwörter:: Emulsionsstabilität; Grenzflächenrheologie; Grenzflächenspannung; Verteilungskoeffizient
∗ Dr. habil. Cosima Stubenrauch, University College Dublin, School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, Tel./Fax: +3 53-1-7 16-19 23/11 77. E-mail:

Dipl.-Phys. Natalie Buchavzov studied physics at the Omsk State University (Russia) and received her Diploma in Physics in 1992. She worked as an engineer and researcher at the Institute of Catalysis (Omsk) from 1992–2002. Since 2004 she has been working at the Institute of Physical Chemistry at the University of Cologne, where she started her PhD in 2005.

Dr. Francesca Ravera is a senior researcher at the Institute for Energetics and Interfaces of the Italian National Research Council (CNR) in Genoa (Italy). She studied Physics at the University of Genoa and was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Aix-Marseille III (France) from 1992–1993 before being appointed by CNR. She has worked in the field of physical chemistry of surfaces since 1990.

Dr. Stephan Hess studied chemistry at Freiburg, the Massachussetts Institute of Technology, and Göttingen. In 2002 he obtained his PhD in Physical Chemistry from the Technische Universität München. After a postdoctoral stay at Stanford University he joined the (Physical Chemistry & Informatics) Department in the central research of BASF AG, Ludwigshafen (Germany) as a research scientist in 2003.

Dr. Yaqian Liu obtained a BSc in Chemistry at Xiamen University, China, and a PhD in Physical Chemistry at University of Alberta, Canada in 2002. She had a postdoctoral stay at Göttingen University, Germany, before she joined BASF in 2004. She is now working as a scientist in central research at BASF AG, Ludwigshafen (Germany).

Dr. Ulrich Steinbrenner studied chemistry at the universities of Stuttgart and Cincinnati and received his PhD in 1997. From 1997 to 2003 he worked in the heterogeneous catalyst research at BASF AG. Since 2003 he is in charge for emulsification technologies in the global development for surfactants in BASF AG, Ludwigshafen (Germany).

Dr. habil. Cosima Stubenrauch studied chemistry at the universities of Münster and Freiburg and received her PhD in Physical Chemistry at the TU Berlin in 1997. After a postdoctoral year at the Université Paris Sud, she worked as an associate researcher and lecturer at the Institute of Physical Chemistry at the University of Cologne from 1999–2004. Since 2005 she has a position as Lecturer at University College Dublin (Ireland).

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Received: 2007-03-15
Published Online: 2013-03-30
Published in Print: 2007-08-01

© 2007, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

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https://doi.org/10.3139/113.100344
Keywords for this article
Emulsion stability; interfacial rheology; interfacial tension; partition coefficient

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Abstracts
  4. Abstracts
  5. Application
  6. Influence of Polymer Architecture on the Stabilization of Iron and Manganese Ions in Aqueous Systems
  7. The Long-term Stability of Sodium Percarbonate in Presence of Zeolite as Measured by Heat Flow Calorimetry
  8. A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2 at Ambient Temperature
  9. Sanitary Ware with Easy Cleaning and/or Antibacterial Properties
  10. Novel Surfactants
  11. Synthesis and Characterization of a Series of Novel Anionic Fumaric Polymerizable Surfactants
  12. Physical Chemistry
  13. Interfacial Tensions, Partition Coefficients, and Interfacial Elasticities: Measures for Emulsion Stability?
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