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Gypsum Scale Formation on Heat Exchanger Surfaces: The Influence of Natural and Synthetic Polyelectrolytes

Published/Copyright: May 5, 2013
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 41 Issue 5

Abstract

The precipitation and deposition of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) on brass heat exchanger surfaces from aqueous solutions has been studied using a highly reproducible technique. It has been found that gypsum scale formation takes place directly on the surface of the heat exchanger without any bulk or spontaneous precipitation in the reaction cell. A variety of natural and synthetic polyelctrolytes such as fulvic acid, tannic acid, poly-(acrylic acid) and acrylic acid — based copolymers containing sulfonic group(s) have been examined for their effects on the rate of scale formation. The results indicate that the amount of gypsum scale formed on heat exchanger surface is strongly affected by polyelectrolyte architecture and concentration of polyelectrolyte. Scanning electron microscopic investigations of gypsum crystals grown in the presence of polyelectrolytes (natural and synthetic) show that structures of these crystals are highly modified.

Kurzfassung

Die Ausfällung und Ablagerung von Kalziumsulfatdihydrat (Gips) auf Messingwärmetauscherflächen aus wässerigen Lösungen ist mit einer hochreproduzierbaren Technik studiert worden. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass Gips-Scaling direkt auf der Oberfläche des Wärmeaustauschers stattfindet, ohne dabei größere oder spontane Ausfällungen in der Reaktionszelle zu bilden. Eine Vielzahl natürlicher und synthetischer Polyelektrolyte wie Fulvinsäure, Gerbsäure, Polyacrylsäure und Acrylsäure, die auf Sulfogruppen enthaltende Copolymere basieren, sind für ihre Effekte auf die Scaling-Rate überprüft worden. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die Menge an abgelagertem Gips-Scaling auf Wärmetauscherflächen stark vom Aufbau und Konzentration des Polyelektrolyts beeinflusst wird. Untersuchungen mit einem Rasterelektronenmikroskop von Gipskristallen, die in Gegenwart von Polyelektrolyten (natürliche und synthetische) gewachsen sind zeigen, dass die Strukturen dieser Kristalle stark modifiziert werden.

Key words: gypsum; polyelectrolytes; crystal morphology; heat exchanger
Schlüsselwörter: Gips; Polyelektrolyte; Kristallmorphologie; Wärmeaustauscher
∗ Correspondence to Amjad, Z. Performance Coatings Group, Noveon, Inc., 9911 Brecksville Road, Brecksville, Ohio 44141, USA

Zahid Amjad, received his M.Sc. in Chemistry from Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan, and his Ph.D. in Chemistry from Glasgow University, Scotland. He is currently a Research Fellow in the Performance Coatings Group of the Noveon, Inc. His areas of research include water soluble/swellable polymers, adsorption of polymers at solid-liquid interface, and prevention of scaling in industrial water systems.

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Received: 2004-7-20
Published Online: 2013-05-05
Published in Print: 2004-11-01

© 2004, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Abstracts
  4. Abstracts
  5. Application
  6. Gypsum Scale Formation on Heat Exchanger Surfaces: The Influence of Natural and Synthetic Polyelectrolytes
  7. Oilfield Applications of Anionic Alkylpolyglucosides
  8. Dynamic Interfacial Behavior of Decyl Methylnaphthalene Sulfonate Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery
  9. GDCH Special Group Meeting
  10. Mesoscale Computer Simulations on the Phase Behavior of the Non-Ionic Surfactant C12E5
  11. Physical Chemistry
  12. Structure-Activity Relationships for Sorption of Alkyl Trimethyl Ammonium Compounds on Activated Sludge
  13. Technical Chemistry
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https://doi.org/10.3139/113.100225
Keywords for this article
gypsum; polyelectrolytes; crystal morphology; heat exchanger

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Abstracts
  4. Abstracts
  5. Application
  6. Gypsum Scale Formation on Heat Exchanger Surfaces: The Influence of Natural and Synthetic Polyelectrolytes
  7. Oilfield Applications of Anionic Alkylpolyglucosides
  8. Dynamic Interfacial Behavior of Decyl Methylnaphthalene Sulfonate Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery
  9. GDCH Special Group Meeting
  10. Mesoscale Computer Simulations on the Phase Behavior of the Non-Ionic Surfactant C12E5
  11. Physical Chemistry
  12. Structure-Activity Relationships for Sorption of Alkyl Trimethyl Ammonium Compounds on Activated Sludge
  13. Technical Chemistry
  14. Design Criteria, Mechanical Features, Advantages and Performances of Multitube Falling Film Sulphonation Reactor
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