Granulation of activated sludge in a laboratory upflow sludge blanket reactor
-
Petra Pagáčová
,
Miloslav Drtil
Abstract
The creation of anoxic granulated biomass has been monitored in a laboratory USB (Upflow Sludge Blanket) reactor with the volume of 3.6 L. The objective of this research was to verify the possibilities of post-denitrification of residual NO3-N concentrations in treated wastewater (denitrification of 10-20 mg L−1 NO3-N) and to determine the maximum hydraulic and mass loading of the granulated biomass reactor. G-phase from biodiesel production and methanol were both tested as external organic denitrification substrates. The ratio of the organic substrate COD to NO3-N was 6. Only methanol was proven as a suitable organic substrate for this kind of reactor. However, the biomass adaptation to the substrate took over a week. The cultivation of anoxic granulated biomass was reached at hydraulic loading of over 0.35 m h−1. The size of granules was smaller when compared with results found and described in literary reports (granules up to 1 mm); however, settling properties were excellent and denitrification was deemed suitable for the USB reactor. Sludge volume indexes of granules ranged from 35-50 mL g−1 and settling rates reached 11 m h−1. Maximum hydraulic and mass loadings in the USB reactor were 0.95 m3 m−2 h−1 and 6.6 kg m−3 d−1. At higher loading levels, a wash-out of the biomass occurred.
[1] Bhatti, Z. I., Sumida, K., Rouse, J. D., & Furukawa, K. (2001). Characterization of denitrifying granular sludge treating soft groundwater in USB reactor. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 91, 373–377. DOI: 10.1016/S1389-1723(01)80154-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1263/jbb.91.37310.1016/S1389-1723(01)80154-7Search in Google Scholar
[2] Borzacconi, L., Ottonello, G., Castelló, E., Pelaez, H., & Gazzola, A. (2000). Denitrification in carbon and nitrogen removal system for leachate treatment. Water Science and Technology, 40, 145–151. DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00620-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00620-410.1016/S0273-1223(99)00620-4Search in Google Scholar
[3] Cuervo-López, F.M., Martinez, F., Gutiérrez Rojas, M., Noyola, R. A., & Gómez, J. (1999). Effect of nitrogen loading rates and carbon sources on denitrification and sludge settleability in UASB reactor. Water Science and Technology, 40, 123–130. DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00617-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00617-410.1016/S0273-1223(99)00617-4Search in Google Scholar
[4] Eiroa, M., Kennes, C., & Veigga, M. C. (2004). Formaldehyde and urea removal in denitrifying granular sludge blanket reactor. Water Research, 38, 3495–3502. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.04.055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.04.05510.1016/j.watres.2004.04.055Search in Google Scholar
[5] Franco, A., Roca, E., & Lema, J. M. (2006). Granulation in high-load denitrifying USB pulsed reactor. Water Research, 40, 871–880. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.11.044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.11.04410.1016/j.watres.2005.11.044Search in Google Scholar
[6] Green, M., Tarre, S., Shnizer, M., Bogdan, B., Armon, R., & Shelet, R. (1994). Groundwater denitrification using an upflow sludge blanket reactor. Water Research, 28, 631–636. DOI: 10.1016/0043-1354(94)90013-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)90013-210.1016/0043-1354(94)90013-2Search in Google Scholar
[7] Jenicek, P., Zabranska, J., & Dohanyos, M. (2002). Adaptation of methanogenic granules to denitrification in anaerobic-anoxic USB reactor. Water Science and Technology, 45, 335–340. 10.2166/wst.2002.0366Search in Google Scholar
[8] Kratochvíl, K., Drtil, M., Derco, J., & Bilanin, M. (1996a). Comparison of ethanol and glucose in denitrification of drinking water in USB reactor. Vodohospodársky spravodajca, 39, 15–17. (in Slovak) Search in Google Scholar
[9] Kratochvíl, K., Drtil, M., Hutňan, M., Derco, J., & Fargašová, A. (1996b). Denitrification of drinking water in USB reactor. Vodohospodársky spravodajca, 39, 9–13. (in Slovak) Search in Google Scholar
[10] Kratochvíl, K., Drtil, M., Hutňan, M., Derco, J., & Fargašová, A. (1997). Characteristic of granulated denitrification biomass. Vodní hospodářství, 47, 23–26. (in Slovak) Search in Google Scholar
[11] Lettinga, G., & Hulshoff Pol, L. (1986). Advanced reactor design, operation and economy. Water Science and Technology, 18, 99–108. 10.2166/wst.1986.0166Search in Google Scholar
[12] Lettinga, G., van Velsen, A. F. M., Hobma, S.W., de Zeeuw, W., & Klapwijk, A. (1980). Use of the upflow sludge blanket reactor concept for biological wastewater treatment, especially for anaerobic treatment. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 22, 699–734. DOI: 10.1002/bit.260220402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.26022040210.1002/bit.260220402Search in Google Scholar
[13] Ruiz, G., Jeison, D., & Chamy, R. (2006). Development of denitrifying and methanogenic activities in USB reactors for treatment of wastewater: Effect of COD/N ratio. Process Biochemistry, 41, 1338–1342. DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.01.007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2006.01.00710.1016/j.procbio.2006.01.007Search in Google Scholar
[14] Van der Hoek, J. P., & Klapwijk, A. (1987). Nitrate removal from ground water. Water Research, 21, 989–997. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(87)80018-0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(87)80018-010.1016/S0043-1354(87)80018-0Search in Google Scholar
© 2008 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Articles in the same Issue
- Biosynthesis of methanol from methane by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b
- Influence of reaction medium composition on enzymatic synthesis of galactooligosaccharides and lactulose from lactose concentrates prepared from whey permeate
- Immobilization of modified penicillin G acylase on Sepabeads carriers
- Granulation of activated sludge in a laboratory upflow sludge blanket reactor
- Investigation of the effect of fluid elasticity on a cake filtration process
- Lab-scale testing of a low-loaded activated sludge process with membrane filtration
- Calcium sulphate scaling in membrane distillation process
- Characterization and filtration performance of coating-modified polymeric membranes used in membrane bioreactors
- Informational analysis of the grinding process of granular material using a multi-ribbon blender
- Effects of vessel baffling on the drawdown of floating solids
- N2O catalytic decomposition — effect of pelleting pressure on activity of Co-Mn-Al mixed oxide catalysts
- Intelligent control of a pH process
- Influence of suspended solid particles on gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient in a system stirred by double impellers
- A three-phase nonequilibrium model for catalytic distillation
- Membrane processes used for separation of effluents from wire productions
- A simple and efficient synthesis of 3-substituted derivatives of pentane-2,4-dione
- Formation of hydrated titanium dioxide from seeded titanyl sulphate solution
- Pyrolytic and catalytic conversion of rape oil into aromatic and aliphatic fractions in a fixed bed reactor on Al2O3 and Al2O3/B2O3 catalysts
- Oxidation of thiophene over copper-manganese mixed oxides
- Study of partitioning and dynamics of metals in contaminated soil using modified four-step BCR sequential extraction procedure
- Preparation and properties of a new composite photocatalyst based on nanosized titanium dioxide
Articles in the same Issue
- Biosynthesis of methanol from methane by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b
- Influence of reaction medium composition on enzymatic synthesis of galactooligosaccharides and lactulose from lactose concentrates prepared from whey permeate
- Immobilization of modified penicillin G acylase on Sepabeads carriers
- Granulation of activated sludge in a laboratory upflow sludge blanket reactor
- Investigation of the effect of fluid elasticity on a cake filtration process
- Lab-scale testing of a low-loaded activated sludge process with membrane filtration
- Calcium sulphate scaling in membrane distillation process
- Characterization and filtration performance of coating-modified polymeric membranes used in membrane bioreactors
- Informational analysis of the grinding process of granular material using a multi-ribbon blender
- Effects of vessel baffling on the drawdown of floating solids
- N2O catalytic decomposition — effect of pelleting pressure on activity of Co-Mn-Al mixed oxide catalysts
- Intelligent control of a pH process
- Influence of suspended solid particles on gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient in a system stirred by double impellers
- A three-phase nonequilibrium model for catalytic distillation
- Membrane processes used for separation of effluents from wire productions
- A simple and efficient synthesis of 3-substituted derivatives of pentane-2,4-dione
- Formation of hydrated titanium dioxide from seeded titanyl sulphate solution
- Pyrolytic and catalytic conversion of rape oil into aromatic and aliphatic fractions in a fixed bed reactor on Al2O3 and Al2O3/B2O3 catalysts
- Oxidation of thiophene over copper-manganese mixed oxides
- Study of partitioning and dynamics of metals in contaminated soil using modified four-step BCR sequential extraction procedure
- Preparation and properties of a new composite photocatalyst based on nanosized titanium dioxide
