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Characterizing the D2 Statistic: Word Matches in Biological Sequences

  • Sylvain Forêt , Susan R Wilson und Conrad J Burden
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 8. Oktober 2009
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Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology
Aus der Zeitschrift Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology Band 8 Heft 1

Word matches are often used in sequence comparison methods, either as a measure of sequence similarity or in the first search steps of algorithms such as BLAST or BLAT. The D2 statistic is the number of matches of words of k letters between two sequences. Recent advances have been made in the characterization of this statistic and in the approximation of its distribution. Here, these results are extended to the case of approximate word matches.We compute the exact value of the variance of the D2 statistic for the case of a uniform letter distribution, and introduce a method to provide accurate approximations of the variance in the remaining cases. This enables the distribution of D2 to be approximated for typical situations arising in biological research. We apply these results to the identification of cis-regulatory modules, and show that this method detects such sequences with a high accuracy.The ability to approximate the distribution of D2 for both exact and approximate word matches will enable the use of this statistic in a more precise manner for sequence comparison, database searches, and identification of transcription factor binding sites.

Keywords: D2; alignment free sequence comparison; biological sequences
Published Online: 2009-10-8

©2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2202/1544-6115.1447
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
D2; alignment free sequence comparison; biological sequences

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Article
  2. Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis with Application to Genomic Data Integration
  3. Orthology-Based Multilevel Modeling of Differentially Expressed Mouse and Human Gene Pairs
  4. Sequential Analysis for Microarray Data Based on Sensitivity and Meta-Analysis
  5. Dimension Reduction of Microarray Data in the Presence of a Censored Survival Response: A Simulation Study
  6. A Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Model for Estimating Calibration Intervals for Unknown Concentrations in Two-Color Microarray Data with Spike-Ins
  7. Composite Likelihood Modeling of Neighboring Site Correlations of DNA Sequence Substitution Rates
  8. A Multiple Testing Approach to High-Dimensional Association Studies with an Application to the Detection of Associations between Risk Factors of Heart Disease and Genetic Polymorphisms
  9. Hypothesis Tests for Point-Mass Mixture Data with Application to `Omics Data with Many Zero Values
  10. Inferring Dynamic Genetic Networks with Low Order Independencies
  11. Normalization Method for Transcriptional Studies of Heterogeneous Samples - Simultaneous Array Normalization and Identification of Equivalent Expression
  12. A Bayesian Analysis Strategy for Cross-Study Translation of Gene Expression Biomarkers
  13. Modified FDR Controlling Procedure for Multi-Stage Analyses
  14. Detecting Outlier Samples in Microarray Data
  15. Survival Analysis with High-Dimensional Covariates: An Application in Microarray Studies
  16. Two-Stage Model-Based Clustering for Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis
  17. Score Statistics for Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci
  18. Impact of Population Stratification on Family-Based Association Tests with Longitudinal Measurements
  19. A Multilocus Model for Constructing a Linkage Disequilibrium Map in Human Populations
  20. Testing of Chromosomal Clumping of Gene Properties
  21. Balanced Gradient Boosting from Imbalanced Data for Clinical Outcome Prediction
  22. Univariate Shrinkage in the Cox Model for High Dimensional Data
  23. Multilevel Comparison of Dendrograms: A New Method with an Application for Genetic Classifications
  24. Weighted Multiple Hypothesis Testing Procedures
  25. Incorporating Duplicate Genotype Data into Linear Trend Tests of Genetic Association: Methods and Cost-Effectiveness
  26. Increase of Rejection Rate in Case-Control Studies with the Differential Genotyping Error Rates
  27. A Parametric Model for Analyzing Anticipation in Genetically Predisposed Families
  28. Bayesian Unsupervised Learning with Multiple Data Types
  29. Extensions of Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis with Applications to Genomic Data
  30. A Non-Homogeneous Hidden-State Model on First Order Differences for Automatic Detection of Nucleosome Positions
  31. Adaptive Transmission Disequilibrium Test for Family Trio Design
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  42. M-quantile Regression Analysis of Temporal Gene Expression Data
  43. MC-Normalization: A Novel Method for Dye-Normalization of Two-Channel Microarray Data
  44. Characterizing the D2 Statistic: Word Matches in Biological Sequences
  45. Transmission Disequilibrium Test Power and Sample Size in the Presence of Locus Heterogeneity
  46. A Regularized Regression Approach for Dissecting Genetic Conflicts that Increase Disease Risk in Pregnancy
  47. Statistical Screening Method for Genetic Factors Influencing Susceptibility to Common Diseases in a Two-Stage Genome-Wide Association Study
  48. A Unified Mixed Effects Model for Gene Set Analysis of Time Course Microarray Experiments
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