Explorations in Biofuels Economics, Policy, and History: Introduction to the Special Issue
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Bruce Gardner
Biofuels are prominent in current discussion both as a solution to problems and as a creator of problems. They have promise as a substitute for fossil fuels, particularly for petroleum as the raw material for transportation fuel. But biofuels also have pitfalls, especially when produced at a scale sufficient to replace a significant proportion of the world's use of petroleum. The articles in this special issue analyze key aspects of both the promise and pitfalls of biofuels. They address issues in the technology of producing raw materials for biofuels and converting these raw materials into fuel, resource constraints facing expansion of biofuel production, and the demand for fuels. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between expanded biofuel production and the cost of food. The economics of biofuels is inherently linked to policy issues as well as market analysis because biofuels in every country have received subsidies from governments. Consequently several articles address the welfare economics of governmental efforts to promote biofuels, with a focus on U.S. ethanol subsidies. These subsidies generate net social losses (deadweight costs) on a global scale, although not necessarily from the U.S. national viewpoint. Governmental promotion of biofuels can be justified on the grounds of externalities created by the use of fossil fuels, most notably in recent debates on global warming caused by the release of sequestered carbon in the form of carbon dioxide. This justification is weakened and perhaps even nullified by externalities in the production and use of biofuels. The articles in this issue consider a range of topics concerning these matters, and the welfare losses caused by biofuel subsidies absent net environmental gains from biofuels.
©2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Article
- Explorations in Biofuels Economics, Policy, and History: Introduction to the Special Issue
- Policy Alternatives for the Future Biofuels Industry
- Ethanol: No Free Lunch
- Fuel Ethanol Subsidies and Farm Price Support
- Estimating the Welfare Effects of U.S. Distortions in the Ethanol Market Using a Partial Equilibrium Trade Model
- Ethanol Expansion in the Food versus Fuel Debate: How Will Developing Countries Fare?
- European Union Policy on Bioenergy and the Role of Sustainability Criteria and Certification Systems
- Biofuels Policies in Asian Countries: Impact of the Expanded Biofuels Programs on World Agricultural Markets
- Potential Land Use Implications of a Global Biofuels Industry
- Technical and Financial Feasibility Analysis of Distributed Bioprocessing Using Regional Biomass Pre-Processing Centers
- Fueling the Automobile: An Economic Exploration of Early Adoption of Gasoline over Ethanol
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Article
- Explorations in Biofuels Economics, Policy, and History: Introduction to the Special Issue
- Policy Alternatives for the Future Biofuels Industry
- Ethanol: No Free Lunch
- Fuel Ethanol Subsidies and Farm Price Support
- Estimating the Welfare Effects of U.S. Distortions in the Ethanol Market Using a Partial Equilibrium Trade Model
- Ethanol Expansion in the Food versus Fuel Debate: How Will Developing Countries Fare?
- European Union Policy on Bioenergy and the Role of Sustainability Criteria and Certification Systems
- Biofuels Policies in Asian Countries: Impact of the Expanded Biofuels Programs on World Agricultural Markets
- Potential Land Use Implications of a Global Biofuels Industry
- Technical and Financial Feasibility Analysis of Distributed Bioprocessing Using Regional Biomass Pre-Processing Centers
- Fueling the Automobile: An Economic Exploration of Early Adoption of Gasoline over Ethanol
