A Theory of Health Disparities and Medical Technology
-
Better-educated people are healthier, although the sources of this relationship remain unclear. Starting with basic principles of consumer theory, we develop a model of how health disparities are determined that does not depend on the precise causal mechanism. Improvements in the productivity of health care disproportionately benefit the heaviest health care users. Since richer patients tend to use the most health care, this suggests that new technologies—by making more diseases treatable, reducing the price of health care, or improving health care productivity—could widen socioeconomic disparities in health. An exception to this rule, however, is a simplifying technology, which can contract health disparities, since richer patients are more likely to invest effort in adhering to complex treatment regimens. We present a few empirical case studies to help illustrate the theoretical results. First, we show that a complicated treatment regimen (antiretroviral therapy for HIV) benefited well-educated patients disproportionately. In contrast, simplifying drugs for hypertension coincided with a contraction in cardiovascular disparities not seen in other diseases. Finally, nationally representative data suggest that there are wider disparities by education among the chronically ill populations—precisely the population one would expect to be the heaviest health care users.
©2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Contributions Article
- Cash Constraints and Business Start-Ups: Deutschmarks Versus Dollars
- On-the-Job Learning, Firing Costs and Employment
- The Effect of the Nonprofit Motive on Hospital Competitive Behavior
- Electoral Competition and Redistribution with Rationally Informed Voters
- The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Exploring a Fresh Specification
- Uncertain R&D and the Porter Hypothesis
- Do Economists Recognize an Opportunity Cost When They See One? A Dismal Performance from the Dismal Science
- A Theory of Health Disparities and Medical Technology
- Entry-Level Products with Consumer Learning
- A Test for Collusion between a Bidder and an Auctioneer in Sealed-Bid Auctions
- Fatalistic Tendencies: An Explanation of Why People Don't Save
- Adjustment Costs and Irreversibility as Determinants of Investment: Evidence from African Manufacturing
- An Index For Venture Capital, 1987-2003
- Environmental Information Provision as a Public Policy Instrument
- Competition Policy and Exit Rates: Evidence from Switzerland
- Political Variables as Instruments for the Minimum Wage
Articles in the same Issue
- Contributions Article
- Cash Constraints and Business Start-Ups: Deutschmarks Versus Dollars
- On-the-Job Learning, Firing Costs and Employment
- The Effect of the Nonprofit Motive on Hospital Competitive Behavior
- Electoral Competition and Redistribution with Rationally Informed Voters
- The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Exploring a Fresh Specification
- Uncertain R&D and the Porter Hypothesis
- Do Economists Recognize an Opportunity Cost When They See One? A Dismal Performance from the Dismal Science
- A Theory of Health Disparities and Medical Technology
- Entry-Level Products with Consumer Learning
- A Test for Collusion between a Bidder and an Auctioneer in Sealed-Bid Auctions
- Fatalistic Tendencies: An Explanation of Why People Don't Save
- Adjustment Costs and Irreversibility as Determinants of Investment: Evidence from African Manufacturing
- An Index For Venture Capital, 1987-2003
- Environmental Information Provision as a Public Policy Instrument
- Competition Policy and Exit Rates: Evidence from Switzerland
- Political Variables as Instruments for the Minimum Wage
