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Structure of mixed-layer corrensite-chlorite revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microcopy (HRTEM)

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Published/Copyright: March 7, 2015
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 98 Issue 7

Abstract

Mixed-layer corrensite-chlorite in a glauconitic sandy-clayey rock has been investigated and the three-dimensional stacking structure of corrensite was determined for the first time using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). We are also able to identify the corrensite-chlorite transition mechanism. The crystals consist of corrensite and chlorite packets excluding successive smectite layers, consistent with the result of XRD analysis previously reported for the same specimen. One-dimensional HRTEM imaging of corrensite with dark contrast corresponding to the cation sheets indicated two types of the smectite-like interlayers in corrensite, probably containing one atomic plane and without any distinct material, which results in the corrensite basal heights of ca. 26.5 and 24.4 Å, respectively, in TEM. Two-dimensional HRTEM imaging revealed that the polytypic stacking sequence in the chlorite-like layer [the two 2:1 layers and the brucite-like sheet (B-sheet) between them] in the corrensite unit is always IIbb type. The intralayer displacements of the two 2:1 layers in the unit are well ordered to show a “two-layer” character, which can be regarded as combination of two different one-layer chlorite polytypes belonging to IIbb. These regulated features of corrensite structure indicate that corrensite precipitated directly from solution probably in an environment with a high water/rock ratio, without inheriting smectite structures, during the smectite-to-chlorite transition. The number of the successive B-sheets in the corrensite-chlorite interstratification is always odd. Along with frequent observation of the transition from the smectite-like interlayer to the B-sheet and similarity of polytypic stacking sequence between corrensite and chlorite, this result strongly supports the transformation from corrensite to chlorite, by replacing the smectite-like interlayer with the B-sheet

Keywords: Corrensite; chlorite; mixed-layer minerals; polytypic stacking sequence; transformation; HRTEM
Received: 2012-8-6
Accepted: 2013-2-26
Published Online: 2015-3-7
Published in Print: 2013-7-1

© 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4314
Keywords for this article
Corrensite; chlorite; mixed-layer minerals; polytypic stacking sequence; transformation; HRTEM

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs. A step closer to predicting the bonding geometry of crystals
  2. Minerals in the Human. Body Crystal chemistry of cement-asbestos
  3. Versatile monazite: Resolving geological records and solving challenges in materials science. Microprobe analysis and dating of monazite from the Potsdam Formation, New York: A progressive record of chemical reaction and fluid interaction
  4. A study of ruby (corundum) compositions from the Mogok Belt, Myanmar: Searching for chemical fingerprints
  5. The dehydroxylation of chrysotile: A combined in situ micro-Raman and micro-FTIR study
  6. Synchrotron Mössbauer study of Fe-bearing pyrope at high pressures and temperatures
  7. In situ Raman spectroscopic study of transient polyhedral distortions during cesium ion exchange into sitinakite
  8. A micro-reflectance IR spectroscopy method for analyzing volatile species in basaltic, andesitic, phonolitic, and rhyolitic glasses
  9. Fundamental Mössbauer parameters of synthetic Ca-Mg-Fe pyroxenes
  10. Iron oxidation state in phyllosilicate single crystals using Fe-K pre-edge and XANES spectroscopy: Effects of the linear polarization of the synchrotron X-ray beam
  11. Effect of particle size on phase transitions in metastable alumina nanoparticles: A view from high-resolution solid-state 27Al NMR study
  12. Magnesite formation from MgO and CO2 at the pressures and temperatures of Earth’s mantle
  13. Investigation of the hydrozincite structure by infrared and solid-state NMR spectroscopy
  14. Local structure in C2/c clinopyroxenes on the hedenbergite (CaFeSi2O6)-ferrosilite (Fe2Si2O6) join: A new interpretation for the Mössbauer spectra of Ca-rich C2/c clinopyroxenes and implications for pyroxene exsolution
  15. On the effect of carbonate on barite growth at elevated temperatures
  16. The structure of (Ca,Co)CoSi2O6 pyroxenes and the Ca-M2+ substitution in (Ca,M2+)M2+Si2O6 pyroxenes (M2+ = Co, Fe, Mg)
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  18. In situ dehydration behavior of veszelyite (Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3-2H2O: A single-crystal X-ray study
  19. Ab-initio determination of high-pressure and high-temperature thermoelastic and thermodynamic properties of low-spin (Mg1–xFex)O ferropericlase with x in the range [0.06, 0.59]
  20. The composite modulated structure of cupropearceite and cupropolybasite and its behavior toward low temperature
  21. Oxidation in CSPV experiments involving H2O-bearing mafic magmas: Quantification and mitigation
  22. Coexisting hydroxyl groups and H2O molecules in minerals: A single-crystal neutron diffraction study of eosphorite, MnAlPO4(OH)2·H2O
  23. Rapidcreekite in the sulfuric acid weathering environment of Diana Cave, Romania
  24. Terrywallaceite, AgPb(Sb,Bi)3S6, isotypic with gustavite, a new mineral from Mina Herminia, Julcani Mining District, Huancavelica, Peru
  25. Lead-tellurium oxysalts from Otto Mountain near Baker, California: X. Bairdite, Pb2Cu42+Te26+O10(OH)2(SO4)(H2O), a new mineral with thick HCP layers
  26. Lusernaite-(Y), Y4Al(CO3)2(OH,F)11·6H2O, a new mineral species from Luserna Valley, Piedmont, Italy: Description and crystal structure
  27. Fe-rich and As-bearing vesuvianite and wiluite from Kozlov, Czech Republic
  28. WinPyrox: A Windows program for pyroxene calculation classification and thermobarometry
  29. Further work on experimental plagioclase equilibria and the Skaergaard liquidus temperature
  30. Leter. Discovery of dmisteinbergite (hexagonal CaAl2Si2O8) in the Allende meteorite: A new member of refractory silicates formed in the solar nebula
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