Thermal diffusivity of olivine-group minerals at high temperature
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Maik Pertermann
und
Anne M. Hofmeister
Abstract
Thermal diffusivity (D) data from 12 oriented single crystals and seven polycrystalline samples of olivine group minerals were acquired with the laser-fl ash method at temperatures (T) of up to ~1500 °C. Samples included forsterite, Fe-Mg binary olivines, sinhalite, and chrysoberyl; specimens were characterized using infrared spectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis. Crystal orientation and chemistry both affect D. For our single crystals, D[100] > D[001] > D[010] at all temperatures. Thermal diffusivity decreases with increasing T and becomes virtually constant at high temperatures. At room temperature, D[001] of pure forsterite has the highest observed values, but substitution of a small amount of Co in forsterite (0.3 wt% CoO) lowers D by ~20%. Substitution of ~10% Fe for Mg in forsterite, as in typical mantle olivine, lowers D by ~50%. At room temperature, mantle olivine has D = 3.25, 1.66, and 2.59 mm2/s for the [100], [010], and [001] orientations, respectively. The values decrease to 0.93-0.87 mm2/s at 790-985 °C for [100], 0.54-51 mm2/s at 590-740 °C for [010] and 0.83-0.79 mm2/s at 740-890 °C for [001]. Two dunite samples have D of 0.55-0.56 mm2/s at 890-1080 °C, showing the effect of preferred orientation of grains dominated by [010]. Thermal diffusivity of polycrystalline samples is controlled by the large amounts of olivine present; minor phases offset the curves for D(T) from the value of the olivine mineral. Our laser-fl ash measurements isolate the phonon component of heat transfer from radiative transfer and show that the phonon contribution becomes nearly constant for the high temperatures expected in the mantle. The other microscopic component (diffusive radiative transfer) depends strongly on temperature and this temperature dependence likely exerts greater control on mantle convection.
© 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Presidential Address to the Mineralogical Society of America, Salt Lake City, October 18, 2005: Mineral surfaces and the prebiotic selection and organization of biomolecules
- A rare garnet-tourmaline-sillimanite-biotite-ilmenite-quartz assemblage from the granulite-facies region of south-central Massachusetts
- Effects of natural radiation damage on back-scattered electron images of single crystals of minerals
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- AXANES study of Cu speciation in high-temperature brines using synthetic fluid inclusions
- A new approach to determine and quantify structural units in silicate glasses using micro-reflectance Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy
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