Startseite Vesuvianite as a key tool for the reconstruction of skarn formation conditions: An example from the Sauce Chico Complex, Argentina
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Vesuvianite as a key tool for the reconstruction of skarn formation conditions: An example from the Sauce Chico Complex, Argentina

  • Carlos A. Ballivián Justiniano ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Maricel G. Rodríguez , Taras L. Panikorovskii , Manuela E. Benítez , Clemente Recio , Cinthia P. Ramos , Mabel E. Lanfranchini und Florencia Di Salvo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 11. September 2025
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 110 Heft 9

Abstract

In the Sauce Chico Complex (Neoproterozoic–middle Cambrian age; Ventania System, Argentina), polymetamorphosed carbonate xenoliths known as the Loma Marcelo skarn are hosted in an Ediacaran peraluminous granite. The skarn has three types of vesuvianite, namely a, b, and c, with different colors, habits, and/or mineral assemblages. They were studied through petrographic microscopy, electron microprobe, inductively coupled mass and atomic emission spectrometry, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (powder and single-crystal), and fluid inclusion and stable isotope analyses. The average composition of the Loma Marcelo skarn vesuvianite is XCa19.00YAl9.57Fe1.292+Fe0.503+Mg1.17Ti0.48 Mn0.042+Σ13.05T□ZSi18O68WOH5.79 F3.03Cl2.08O0.90Σ10.00 and corresponds to vesuvianite sensu stricto. Negligible amounts of XNa and TB were detected. Only Zn, Sr, Ce, La, and Sn are in concentrations >50 ppm. Through single-crystal XRD, the crystal structures of vesuvianite types a and b were refined in the P4/nnc space group (domains with P4/n symmetry are also present). Type c vesuvianite could not be satisfactorily refined; however, a P4/n symmetry is suspected. By comparing the Loma Marcelo skarn vesuvianite cell parameters with those of other vesuvianites worldwide, it becomes clear that symmetry does not influence these parameters. Based on Raman, single-crystal XRD data, and structural and chemical characteristics, formation temperatures of 550 °C (type b), 450 °C (type a), and 300–400 °C (type c) were estimated. The δ18OH2O values of ca. +11.9‰ calculated for these temperatures from δ18O values determined on vesuvianite concentrates and vesuvianite-water fractionation factors are compatible with a peraluminous granitic source. The Loma Marcelo skarn vesuvianite appears to reflect a retrograde process related to the crystallization of the Ediacaran granite hosting the metasomatized xenoliths. During a subsequent protracted Permian tectono-metamorphic event, biphasic secondary fluid inclusions were trapped at ca. 270–339 °C (ca. 250 MPa) from low salinity metamorphic fluids. Stable isotope determinations of H and O on vesuvianite concentrates indicate that the interaction with magmatic and metamorphic aqueous fluids promoted modifications in the 2H/1H ratios of the hydroxyl groups from the W sites, whereas the 18O/16O ratios of the silicate groups were not substantially modified. Notably, the vesuvianite structure is highly stable, remaining unchanged after formation. This stability suggests that vesuvianite-group minerals could serve as a reliable XRD-based thermometer.

Keywords: Loma Marcelo skarn; vesuvianite; chemistry; spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; fluid inclusions; stable isotopes

Acknowledgments and Funding

We acknowledge the MX2 beamline staff of the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) for their assistance during the experiments. We acknowledge Ana María Sato for her financial support, Graciela M. Sosa and Nora N. Cesaretti for their help during the fluid inclusions microthermometry study, and Sebastián Oriolo and Fernando Colombo for their valuable insights. We also acknowledge the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped to improve the original manuscript, as well as Adam Simon for the editorial handling. This study was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) of Argentina and by the LNLS through project MX2-20180504. Taras L. Panikorovskii thanks state assignment 122022400093-9. Mabel E. Lanfranchini thanks research grant UNLP N 716.

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Received: 2024-08-26
Accepted: 2024-12-30
Published Online: 2025-09-11
Published in Print: 2025-09-25

© 2025 Mineralogical Society of America

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Revisiting the importance of clay minerals in rock varnish
  3. Formation and transformation of clay minerals in Mars-analog rock varnish
  4. Reconstructing volatile evolution in melts using zircon-hosted apatite inclusions: Implications for the use of apatite as a fertility indicator
  5. Vesuvianite as a key tool for the reconstruction of skarn formation conditions: An example from the Sauce Chico Complex, Argentina
  6. Germanium oxidation state and substitution mechanism in Ge-rich sphalerite from MVT deposits: Constraints from X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and geometric optimization
  7. Enrichment mechanism of heavy rare earth elements in magmatic-hydrothermal titanite: Insights from SXAS/XPS experiments and first-principles calculations and implications for regolith-hosted HREE deposits
  8. Thorite: An oddity in phase stability among the zircon-structured orthosilicates at high pressures
  9. High P-T single-crystal elasticity of zircon by Brillouin spectroscopy
  10. Berndlehmannite: A new V-bearing sulfide mineral from the black-shale-hosted Zhongcun vanadium deposit, South China
  11. In situ Raman spectroscopic investigation on the phase transition of grunerite at high pressures
  12. Silicate liquid immiscibility in the Chang’e 5 lunar mare magmas: Constraints on the petrogenesis of lunar granitic rocks
  13. The high-pressure, vacancy-stabilized component in clinopyroxenes
  14. Lianbinite, (NH4)(C2H3O3)(C2H4O3), a new glycolate mineral from the Santa Catalina Mountains, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A
  15. Mariakrite, [Ca4Al2(OH)12(H2O)4][Fe2S4]: A new mineral and the first layered double hydroxide intercalated with dithioferrate (iron disulfide) chains
  16. New Mineral Names
  17. Book Review
  18. Book Review: Rings of Fire: How an Unlikely Team of Scientists, Ex-Cons, Women, and Native Americans helped win World War II
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-9588
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Loma Marcelo skarn; vesuvianite; chemistry; spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; fluid inclusions; stable isotopes

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Revisiting the importance of clay minerals in rock varnish
  3. Formation and transformation of clay minerals in Mars-analog rock varnish
  4. Reconstructing volatile evolution in melts using zircon-hosted apatite inclusions: Implications for the use of apatite as a fertility indicator
  5. Vesuvianite as a key tool for the reconstruction of skarn formation conditions: An example from the Sauce Chico Complex, Argentina
  6. Germanium oxidation state and substitution mechanism in Ge-rich sphalerite from MVT deposits: Constraints from X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and geometric optimization
  7. Enrichment mechanism of heavy rare earth elements in magmatic-hydrothermal titanite: Insights from SXAS/XPS experiments and first-principles calculations and implications for regolith-hosted HREE deposits
  8. Thorite: An oddity in phase stability among the zircon-structured orthosilicates at high pressures
  9. High P-T single-crystal elasticity of zircon by Brillouin spectroscopy
  10. Berndlehmannite: A new V-bearing sulfide mineral from the black-shale-hosted Zhongcun vanadium deposit, South China
  11. In situ Raman spectroscopic investigation on the phase transition of grunerite at high pressures
  12. Silicate liquid immiscibility in the Chang’e 5 lunar mare magmas: Constraints on the petrogenesis of lunar granitic rocks
  13. The high-pressure, vacancy-stabilized component in clinopyroxenes
  14. Lianbinite, (NH4)(C2H3O3)(C2H4O3), a new glycolate mineral from the Santa Catalina Mountains, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A
  15. Mariakrite, [Ca4Al2(OH)12(H2O)4][Fe2S4]: A new mineral and the first layered double hydroxide intercalated with dithioferrate (iron disulfide) chains
  16. New Mineral Names
  17. Book Review
  18. Book Review: Rings of Fire: How an Unlikely Team of Scientists, Ex-Cons, Women, and Native Americans helped win World War II
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