Home Waipouaite, Ca3 (V4.54+V0.55+) O9[(Si2O5(OH)2][Si3O7.5(OH)1.5]·11H2O, a new polyoxovanadate mineral from the Aranga Quarry, New Zealand
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Waipouaite, Ca3 (V4.54+V0.55+) O9[(Si2O5(OH)2][Si3O7.5(OH)1.5]·11H2O, a new polyoxovanadate mineral from the Aranga Quarry, New Zealand

  • Peter Elliott EMAIL logo and Anthony R. Kampf ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: May 4, 2024
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Abstract

Waipouaite, Ca3 (V4.54+V0.55+) O9[(Si2O5(OH)2][Si3O7.5(OH)1.5]·11H2O, is a new mineral from the Aranga Quarry, Northland Region, New Zealand. It occurs in basalt as overgrowths on thompsonite-Ca and chabazite-Ca and as inclusions within calcite and okenite. It forms dark olive green to almost black prismatic crystals to 0.3 mm in length. Crystals are transparent to translucent with a vitreous luster. The Mohs hardness is ~2, and the measured density is 2.24(2) g/cm3. The new mineral is biaxial (+), with α = 1.620(5), β = 1.622(5), γ = 1.628(5) (white light). The calculated 2V is 60.2°. Dispersion could not be observed. The optical orientation is Z = b. Pleochroism is X blue-green, Y olive green, Z olive; X > Y >> Z. Electron microprobe analyses gave the empirical formula (based on 36 O apfu) (Ca2.90Na0.05K0.04Sr0.01)Σ3.00 (V4.604+V0.445+)Σ5.04 (Si4.97Al0.02)Σ4.99O21.45OH3.55·H2O11.00.

Waipouaite is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 12.843(3), b = 23.589(5), c = 11.560(2) Å, β = 115.54(3)°, V = 3160.0(13) Å3, and Z = 4. The eight strongest reflections in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [dobs in Å (I) (hkl)]: 11.78 (100) (020, 100), 9.54 (16) (011), 7.85 (19) (021), 6.29 (32) (031), 5.92 (31) (040), 5.22 (21) (122), 3.140 (18) (333), 2.850 (17) (180, 242). The crystal structure was refined using synchrotron single-crystal X-ray data to R1 = 6.85% for 6594 reflections with I>2σI. Waipouaite is the first natural polyoxovanadosilicate and has a novel structure based on [(V4+,V5+)5OI7] polyoxovanadate units, which are unique in natural and synthetic phases. Synthesis of polyoxovanadosilicates has proved to be a great challenge, and the discovery of waipouaite demonstrates that these compounds can form under natural conditions.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Ben Wade of Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide for assistance with the microprobe analysis. The infrared spectrum was acquired with the assistance of the Forensic Science Centre, Adelaide. We thank Rod Martin for providing the specimens of waipouaite and the photograph shown in Figure 1. This research was undertaken in part using the MX2 beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, part of ANSTO, and made use of the Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) detector. Two anonymous reviewers, the Technical Editor and Associate Editor G. Diego Gatta are thanked for their constructive comments on the manuscript.

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Received: 2023-04-30
Accepted: 2023-07-05
Published Online: 2024-05-04
Published in Print: 2024-05-27

© 2024 by Mineralogical Society of America

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