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Hydrothermal mineralization of celadonite: Hybridized fluid–basalt interaction in Janggi, Korea

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Published/Copyright: May 27, 2022
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 107 Issue 6

Abstract

The origin of celadonite still remains enigmatic and fragmentary. Exceptional celadonite mineralization was discovered in the Miocene lacustrine Janggi Basin in the southeastern Korean Peninsula. This Janggi celadonite is a greenish, earthy/vitreous material filling east-west trending fault zones in basaltic flows. The scale of the celadonite body is up to a meter thick and laterally extends ~10 m. These occurrences are markedly in contrast with celadonite as vesicle-filling or mineral-replacing types in the literature. The Janggi celadonite allows exploring the puzzling genesis of celadonite and comparing its characteristics with global cases for a better understanding of celadonite formation.

X‑ray difraction and microprobe analyses demonstrate that the Janggi celadonite ranges from ferroceladonite through celadonite to ferroaluminoceladonite and is mixed with opal at a ratio of up to ~3:7. Detailed fieldwork and whole-rock major, trace, and oxygen isotope analyses indicate that celadonite is formed in an open system at ~120 °C by the interaction of hybridized fluid (a mixture of <55% magmatic and >45% other origins) and basalts during the physicochemical fault brecciation of the host rock. The cations needed for celadonite formation were supplied from the smectitization/ zeolitization of rhyolitic mesostasis (for Al and part of K) and pyroxene microlites (for Fe and Mg) in the basaltic breccias during the associated oxidation of micro-nanoparticles by circulating fluids (for most of K).

A comparison of the Janggi celadonite with global cases highlights that celadonite genesis is neither limited to the seawater alteration of basalt nor do hosts and reactive fluids control celadonite compositions. A contextualized perspective on celadonite genesis alludes that a potassic alteration of rock that is rich in ferromagnesian components in a shallow crustal environment (<~200 MPa at <~450 °C) produces celadonite. Because of the relative availability of the necessary components for celadonite precipitation, our model predicts celadonite mineralization in many volcanic environments, where magmatic fluid and particle size reduction could contribute. These insights emphasize celadonite’s potential applications for tracing geothermal history.

Keywords: Celadonites; hydrothermal mineralization; fault brecciation; fluid–rock interaction; oxygen isotope

Funding statement: This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2016R1A6A1A05011910).

Acknowledgments

We thank Leslie L. Baker of the University of Idaho (U.S.A.) and Chang Oh Choo of the Andong National University (Korea) for providing constructive comments to improve the early version of the manuscript. We are grateful to Dong-Yoon Lee, Woo-Yeol Kim, and Eun-Yeong Kang for helping with fieldwork. Sehyeon Gwon and Soyoung Min are also thanked for discussions and encouragement. Thoughtful reviews from Douglas McCarty and an anonymous reviewer, and dedicated editorial handling from Warren D. Huff, led to significant improvements in this work.

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Received: 2021-03-04
Accepted: 2021-06-09
Published Online: 2022-05-27
Published in Print: 2022-05-27

© 2022 Mineralogical Society of America

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  15. Hydrothermal mineralization of celadonite: Hybridized fluid–basalt interaction in Janggi, Korea
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  21. Erratum
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8045
Keywords for this article
Celadonites; hydrothermal mineralization; fault brecciation; fluid–rock interaction; oxygen isotope

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Periodic and non-periodic stacking in molybdenite (MoS2) revealed by STEM
  2. The effect of halogens (F, Cl) on the near-liquidus crystallinity of a hydrous trachyte melt
  3. Occurrence of tuite and ahrensite in Zagami and their significance for shock-histories recorded in martian meteorites
  4. Zolenskyite, FeCr2S4, a new sulfide mineral from the Indarch meteorite
  5. Refined estimation of Li in mica by a machine learning method
  6. Olivine in picrites from continental flood basalt provinces classified using machine learning
  7. The glass transition and the non-Arrhenian viscosity of carbonate melts
  8. Etching of fission tracks in monazite: Further evidence from optical and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy
  9. The low-temperature shift of antigorite dehydration in the presence of sodium chloride: In situ diffraction study up to 3 GPa and 700 °C
  10. Chemistry-dependent Raman spectral features of glauconite and nontronite: Implications for mineral identification and provenance analysis
  11. Experimental determination of solubility constants of saponite at elevated temperatures in high ionic strength solutions
  12. Hydrothermal troctolite alteration at 300 and 400 °C: Insights from flexible Au-reaction cell batch experimental investigations
  13. Timescales and rates of intrusive and metamorphic processes determined from zircon and garnet in migmatitic granulite, Fiordland, New Zealand
  14. In situ chemical and isotopic analyses and element mapping of multiple-generation pyrite: Evidence of episodic gold mobilization and deposition for the Qiucun epithermal gold deposit in Southeast China
  15. Hydrothermal mineralization of celadonite: Hybridized fluid–basalt interaction in Janggi, Korea
  16. Gungerite, TlAs5Sb4S13, a new thallium sulfosalt with a complex structure containing covalent As-As bonds
  17. Nitscheite, (NH4)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)2]·3H2O, a new mineral with an unusual uranyl-sulfate sheet
  18. Protocaseyite, a new decavanadate mineral containing a [Al4(OH)6(H2O)12]6+ linear tetramer, a novel isopolycation
  19. Fission-track etching in apatite: A model and some implications
  20. Hydrothermal monazite trumps rutile: Applying U-Pb geochronology to evaluate complex mineralization ages of the Katbasu Au-Cu deposit, Western Tianshan, Northwest China
  21. Erratum
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