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Experimental determination of solubility constants of saponite at elevated temperatures in high ionic strength solutions

  • Yongliang Xiong ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: May 27, 2022
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 107 Issue 6

Abstract

Saponite occurs in a wide range of environments from hydrothermal systems on the Earth to surface deposits on Mars. Of practical importance is that Mg-saponite forms when glasses for nuclear waste are altered in Mg-bearing aqueous solutions. In addition, saponite is favorably considered as candidate buffer material for the disposal of high-level nuclear waste and spent nuclear fuel in harsh environments. However, the thermodynamic properties, especially for Mg-saponites, are not well known. Here the author synthesized Mg-saponite (with nitrate cancrinite) following a previously reported procedure and performed solubility experiments at 80 °C to quantify the thermodynamic stability of this tri-octahedral smectite in the presence of nitrate cancrinite. Then, in combination with the equilibrium constant at 80 °C for the dissolution reaction of nitrate cancrinite from the literature, the author determined the solubility constant of saponite at 80 °C based on the solution chemistry for the equilibrium between saponite and nitrate cancrinite, approaching equilibrium from the direction of supersaturation, with an equilibrium constant of –69.24 ± 2.08 (2σ) for dissolution of saponite at 80 °C. Furthermore, the author extrapolated the equilibrium constant at 80 °C to other temperatures (i.e., 50, 60, 70, 90, and 100 °C) using the one-term isocoulombic method. These equilibrium constants are expected to have applications in numerous fields. For instance, according to the extrapolated solubility constant of saponite at 50 and 90 °C, the author calculated the saturation indexes with regard to saponite for the solution chemistry from glass corrosion experiments at 50 and 90 °C from the literature. The results are in close agreement with the experimental data. This example demonstrates that the equilibrium constants determined in this study can be used for reliable modeling of the solution chemistry of glass corrosion experiments.

Keywords: Glass corrosion; Mars; nuclear waste management; buffer materials; hydrothermal alteration of basalt; disposal in salt formations; disposal in clay formations

Funding statement: Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525. This research is funded by Salt R&D programs administered by the Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) of the U. S Department of Energy. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Department of Energy or the U. S. Government. This paper is published with the release number SAND2019-3740J.

Acknowledgments

The author gratefully acknowledges the laboratory assistance from Leslie Kirkes, Jandi Knox, Cassie Marrs, Heather Burton, and Dick Grant. The author is grateful to the two journal reviewers for their insightful and thorough reviews. Their reviews helped to improve the manuscript significantly. The author thanks the Associate Editor, Daniel Neuville, for his editorial efforts, and the Editor, Hongwu Xu, for his editorial comments and his time.

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Received: 2020-09-24
Accepted: 2021-06-10
Published Online: 2022-05-27
Published in Print: 2022-05-27

© 2021 Mineralogical Society of America

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  2. The effect of halogens (F, Cl) on the near-liquidus crystallinity of a hydrous trachyte melt
  3. Occurrence of tuite and ahrensite in Zagami and their significance for shock-histories recorded in martian meteorites
  4. Zolenskyite, FeCr2S4, a new sulfide mineral from the Indarch meteorite
  5. Refined estimation of Li in mica by a machine learning method
  6. Olivine in picrites from continental flood basalt provinces classified using machine learning
  7. The glass transition and the non-Arrhenian viscosity of carbonate melts
  8. Etching of fission tracks in monazite: Further evidence from optical and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy
  9. The low-temperature shift of antigorite dehydration in the presence of sodium chloride: In situ diffraction study up to 3 GPa and 700 °C
  10. Chemistry-dependent Raman spectral features of glauconite and nontronite: Implications for mineral identification and provenance analysis
  11. Experimental determination of solubility constants of saponite at elevated temperatures in high ionic strength solutions
  12. Hydrothermal troctolite alteration at 300 and 400 °C: Insights from flexible Au-reaction cell batch experimental investigations
  13. Timescales and rates of intrusive and metamorphic processes determined from zircon and garnet in migmatitic granulite, Fiordland, New Zealand
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  21. Erratum
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7827
Keywords for this article
Glass corrosion; Mars; nuclear waste management; buffer materials; hydrothermal alteration of basalt; disposal in salt formations; disposal in clay formations

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Periodic and non-periodic stacking in molybdenite (MoS2) revealed by STEM
  2. The effect of halogens (F, Cl) on the near-liquidus crystallinity of a hydrous trachyte melt
  3. Occurrence of tuite and ahrensite in Zagami and their significance for shock-histories recorded in martian meteorites
  4. Zolenskyite, FeCr2S4, a new sulfide mineral from the Indarch meteorite
  5. Refined estimation of Li in mica by a machine learning method
  6. Olivine in picrites from continental flood basalt provinces classified using machine learning
  7. The glass transition and the non-Arrhenian viscosity of carbonate melts
  8. Etching of fission tracks in monazite: Further evidence from optical and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy
  9. The low-temperature shift of antigorite dehydration in the presence of sodium chloride: In situ diffraction study up to 3 GPa and 700 °C
  10. Chemistry-dependent Raman spectral features of glauconite and nontronite: Implications for mineral identification and provenance analysis
  11. Experimental determination of solubility constants of saponite at elevated temperatures in high ionic strength solutions
  12. Hydrothermal troctolite alteration at 300 and 400 °C: Insights from flexible Au-reaction cell batch experimental investigations
  13. Timescales and rates of intrusive and metamorphic processes determined from zircon and garnet in migmatitic granulite, Fiordland, New Zealand
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  15. Hydrothermal mineralization of celadonite: Hybridized fluid–basalt interaction in Janggi, Korea
  16. Gungerite, TlAs5Sb4S13, a new thallium sulfosalt with a complex structure containing covalent As-As bonds
  17. Nitscheite, (NH4)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)2]·3H2O, a new mineral with an unusual uranyl-sulfate sheet
  18. Protocaseyite, a new decavanadate mineral containing a [Al4(OH)6(H2O)12]6+ linear tetramer, a novel isopolycation
  19. Fission-track etching in apatite: A model and some implications
  20. Hydrothermal monazite trumps rutile: Applying U-Pb geochronology to evaluate complex mineralization ages of the Katbasu Au-Cu deposit, Western Tianshan, Northwest China
  21. Erratum
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