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Keplerite, Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7, a new meteoritic and terrestrial phosphate isomorphous with merrillite, Ca9NaMg(PO4)7

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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 106 Heft 12

Abstract

Keplerite is a new mineral, the Ca-dominant counterpart of the most abundant meteoritic phosphate, which is merrillite. The isomorphous series merrillite-keplerite, Ca9NaMg(PO4)7-Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5) Mg(PO4)7, represents the main reservoir of phosphate phosphorus in the solar system. Both minerals are related by the heterovalent substitution at the B-site of the crystal structure: 2Na+ (merrillite) → Ca2+ + ◻ (keplerite). The near-end-member keplerite of meteoritic origin occurs in the main-group pallasites and angrites. The detailed description of the mineral is made based on the Na-free type material from the Marjalahti meteorite (the main group pallasite). Terrestrial keplerite was discovered in the pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Basin in the northern part of Negev desert, Israel. Keplerite grains in Marjalahti have an ovoidal to cloudy shape and reach 50 μm in size. The mineral is colorless, transparent with a vitreous luster. Cleavage was not observed. In transmitted light, keplerite is colorless and non-pleochroic. Uniaxial (−), ω = 1.622(1), ε = 1.619(1). Chemical composition (electron microprobe, wt%): CaO 48.84; MgO 3.90; FeO 1.33; P2O5 46.34, total 100.34. The empirical formula (O = 28 apfu) is Ca9.00(Ca0.33Fe02. +20◻0.47)1.00Mg1.04P6.97O28. The ideal formula is Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7. Keplerite is trigonal, space group R3c, unit-cell parameters refined from single-crystal data are: a = 10.3330(4), c = 37.0668(24) Å, V = 3427.4(3) Å3, Z = 6. The calculated density is 3.122 g/cm−3. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to R1 = 0.039 based on 1577 unique observed reflections [I>2σ(I)]. A characteristic structural feature of keplerite is a partial (half-vacant) occupancy of the sixfold-coordinated B-site (denoted as CaIIA in the earlier works). The disorder caused by this cation vacancy is the most likely reason for the visually resolved splitting of the ν1 (symmetric stretching) (PO4) vibration mode in the Raman spectrum of keplerite. The mineral is an indicator of high-temperature environments characterized by extreme depletion of Na. The association of keplerite with “REE-merrillite” and stanfieldite provides evidence for the similarity of temperature conditions that occurred in the Mottled Zone to those expected during the formation of pallasite meteorites and lunar rocks. Because of the cosmochemical significance of the merrillite-keplerite series and by analogy to plagioclases, the Na-number measure, 100 ×Na/(Na+Ca) (apfu), is herein proposed for the characterization of solid solutions between merrillite and keplerite. The merrillite end-member, Ca9NaMg(PO4)7, has the Na-number = 10, whereas keplerite, Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7, has Na-number = 0. Keplerite (IMA 2019-108) is named in honor of Johannes Kepler (1571–1630), a prominent German naturalist, for his contributions to astronomy and crystallography.

Keywords: Keplerite; merrillite; whitlockite; phosphate; meteorite; pallasite; angrite; pyrometamorphism

Funding statement: This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Grant 18-17-00079 (the study of holotype, meteoritic keplerite), and by the National Science Centre (NCN) of Poland, grant no. 2016/23/B/ST10/00869 (the part related to terrestrial keplerite). We thank the X‑ray Diffraction Centre and “Geomodel” Resource Centre of St. Petersburg State University for instrumental and computational support

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the curators of the Mining Museum, St. Petersburg Mining Institute, for providing meteorite samples. We are grateful to Associate Editor Fabrizio Nestola for the handling of the manuscript and to the Technical Editor for the correction of crystallographic data. The authors are indebted to the reviewers, Pietro Vignola and Ferdinando Bosi, who made valuable suggestions that substantially enhanced the contents of the article.

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Received: 2020-09-29
Accepted: 2020-12-21
Published Online: 2021-11-24
Published in Print: 2021-12-20

© 2021 Mineralogical Society of America

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  6. Internal stress-induced recrystallization and diffusive transport in CaTiO3-PbTiO3 solid solutions: A new transport mechanism in geomaterials and its implications for thermobarometry, geochronology, and geospeedometry
  7. Experimental determination of carbon diffusion in liquid iron at high pressure
  8. Reduction of structural Fe(III) in nontronite by humic substances in the absence and presence of Shewanella putrefaciens and accompanying secondary mineralization
  9. Trace-element segregation to dislocation loops in experimentally heated zircon
  10. Tin isotopes via fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS analysis record complex fluid evolution in single cassiterite crystals
  11. Tracking dynamic hydrothermal processes: Textures, in-situ Sr-Nd isotopes, and trace-element analysis of scheelite from the Yangjiashan vein-type W deposit, South China
  12. Oxygen isotope evidence for input of magmatic fluids and precipitation of Au-Ag-tellurides in an otherwise ordinary adularia-sericite epithermal system in NE China
  13. Thalliomelane, TlMn4+7.5 Cu2+0.5 O16, a new member of the coronadite group from the preglacial oxidation zone at Zalas, southern Poland
  14. New Mineral Names: Diamonds, Dumps, and Fumaroles
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7834
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Keplerite; merrillite; whitlockite; phosphate; meteorite; pallasite; angrite; pyrometamorphism

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Contrasting magma compositions between Cu and Au mineralized granodiorite intrusions in the Tongling ore district in South China using apatite chemical composition and Sr-Nd isotopes
  2. Halogen heterogeneity in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle revealed by I/Br ratios in kimberlites and their mantle xenoliths from South Africa, Greenland, China, Siberia, Canada, and Brazil
  3. Mineralogy of the 2019 Aguas Zarcas (CM2) carbonaceous chondrite meteorite fall
  4. Keplerite, Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7, a new meteoritic and terrestrial phosphate isomorphous with merrillite, Ca9NaMg(PO4)7
  5. Thermodynamic, elastic, and vibrational (IR/Raman) behavior of mixed type-AB carbonated hydroxylapatite by density functional theory
  6. Internal stress-induced recrystallization and diffusive transport in CaTiO3-PbTiO3 solid solutions: A new transport mechanism in geomaterials and its implications for thermobarometry, geochronology, and geospeedometry
  7. Experimental determination of carbon diffusion in liquid iron at high pressure
  8. Reduction of structural Fe(III) in nontronite by humic substances in the absence and presence of Shewanella putrefaciens and accompanying secondary mineralization
  9. Trace-element segregation to dislocation loops in experimentally heated zircon
  10. Tin isotopes via fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS analysis record complex fluid evolution in single cassiterite crystals
  11. Tracking dynamic hydrothermal processes: Textures, in-situ Sr-Nd isotopes, and trace-element analysis of scheelite from the Yangjiashan vein-type W deposit, South China
  12. Oxygen isotope evidence for input of magmatic fluids and precipitation of Au-Ag-tellurides in an otherwise ordinary adularia-sericite epithermal system in NE China
  13. Thalliomelane, TlMn4+7.5 Cu2+0.5 O16, a new member of the coronadite group from the preglacial oxidation zone at Zalas, southern Poland
  14. New Mineral Names: Diamonds, Dumps, and Fumaroles
Heruntergeladen am 26.4.2026 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.2138/am-2021-7834/html?lang=de
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