Startseite Formation of metasomatic tourmalinites in reduced schists during the Black Hills Orogeny, South Dakota
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Formation of metasomatic tourmalinites in reduced schists during the Black Hills Orogeny, South Dakota

  • Peter I. Nabelek ORCID logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 29. Januar 2021
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 106 Heft 2

Abstract

Tourmaline is a common mineral in granites and metamorphic rocks in collisional orogens. This paper describes graphite-bearing, metasomatic tourmalinites in sillimanite-zone schists of the Proterozoic Black Hills Orogen, South Dakota. The tourmalinites bound quartz veins and beyond about 1 m grade into schists with disseminated tourmaline, and ultimately tourmaline becomes only a trace, intrinsic phase in the schists. Next to the quartz veins, tourmaline has almost completely replaced schist minerals, including biotite, muscovite, and plagioclase. The tourmaline is generally anhedral and follows the original foliation direction of the schist. However, tourmaline is euhedral in quartz veinlets cutting through the tourmalinites. Tourmaline is compositionally zoned from having about 22 to 2% of apparent Al occupancy on the Y sites. There are very good negative correlations of Y(Fe2++Mg2+), XCa2+, and YTi4+ with YAl3+, and a very good positive correlation of X-site vacancies with YAl3+. Mg# [molar Mg2+/(Mg2++Fe2+)] is fairly invariant at approximately 0.5, which is somewhat higher than that in the precursor biotite. This is in contrast to tourmaline in the neighboring peraluminous Harney Peak leucogranite where the range of Y site occupancy of Al is small at about 20%, but the Mg# ranges from 0.12 to 0.5.

The compositional trends in the metasomatic tourmaline are dominated by the exchange Xo + 4 YAl3+ = XCa2+ + 3 Y(Fe2++Mg2+) + YTi4+. Mass-balance calculations suggest the metasomatizing fluid brought in H+ and B(OH)3 and removed K+, SiO2, and some Fe2+ during tourmalinization. Other elements in the tourmaline largely reflect the bulk composition of the replaced schist. The calculations show that silica in the quartz veins was locally derived, not brought in by the metasomatizing fluid. Interstitial graphite in the tourmalinites shows precipitation of carbon from the methane-bearing fluid. The study demonstrates an important effect of boron transfer by fluids during metamorphism and magmatism in the Earth’s crust.

Keywords: Tourmalinite; metasomatism; tourmaline; schist; Black Hills; South Dakota

Acknowledgments and Funding

Paul Carpenter aided with electron microprobe analysis at Washington University, St. Louis. The paper was improved by constructive reviews of Darrell Henry and Shan Ke. Funding for this work was provided by NSF grant EAR-1321519.

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Received: 2019-12-12
Accepted: 2020-06-17
Published Online: 2021-01-29
Published in Print: 2021-02-23

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  10. The composition of garnet in granite and pegmatite from the Gangdese orogen in southeastern Tibet: Constraints on pegmatite petrogenesis
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  16. American Mineralogist thanks the 2020 reviewers
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7405
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Tourmalinite; metasomatism; tourmaline; schist; Black Hills; South Dakota

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Effect of water on carbonate-silicate liquid immiscibility in the system KAlSi3O8- CaMgSi2O6-NaAlSi2O6-CaMg(CO3)2 at 6 GPa: Implications for diamond-forming melts
  2. Jasonsmithite, a new phosphate mineral with a complex microporous framework, from the Foote mine, North Carolina, U.S.A
  3. Titanium in calcium amphibole: Behavior and thermometry
  4. Phase relationships in the system ZnS-CuInS2: Insights from a nanoscale study of indium-bearing sphalerite
  5. Major and trace element composition of olivine from magnesian skarns and silicate marbles
  6. Decompression experiments for sulfur-bearing hydrous rhyolite magma: Redox evolution during magma decompression
  7. On the crystal chemistry of sulfur-rich lazurite, ideally Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3)–·nH2O
  8. Experimental evaluation of a new H2O-independent thermometer based on olivine-melt Ni partitioning at crustal pressure
  9. Contrasting compositions between phenocrystic and xenocrystic olivines in the Cenozoic basalts from central Mongolia: Constraints on source lithology and regional uplift
  10. The composition of garnet in granite and pegmatite from the Gangdese orogen in southeastern Tibet: Constraints on pegmatite petrogenesis
  11. Formation of metasomatic tourmalinites in reduced schists during the Black Hills Orogeny, South Dakota
  12. New insights into the crystal chemistry of sauconite (Zn-smectite) from the Skorpion zinc deposit (Namibia) via a multi-methodological approach
  13. The new mineral crowningshieldite: A high-temperature NiS polymorph found in a type IIa diamond from the Letseng mine, Lesotho
  14. Elucidating the natural–synthetic mismatch of Pb2+Te4+O3: The redefinition of fairbankite to P b 12 2 + T e 4 + O 3 11 S O 4
  15. Are the thermodynamic properties of natural and synthetic Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 olivines the same?
  16. American Mineralogist thanks the 2020 reviewers
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