Startseite Identification of the occurrence of minor elements in the structure of diatomaceous opal using FIB and TEM-EDS
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Identification of the occurrence of minor elements in the structure of diatomaceous opal using FIB and TEM-EDS

  • Peng Yuan EMAIL logo , Dong Liu , Junming Zhou , Qian Tian , Yaran Song , Huihuang Wei , Shun Wang , Jieyu Zhou , Liangliang Deng und Peixin Du
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 28. August 2019
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 104 Heft 9

Abstract

The occurrence of minor elements in the structure of biogenic diatomaceous opal-A is an important issue because it is closely related to biogeochemical processes driven by the precipitation, sedimentation, and storage of diatoms, as well as to the properties and applications of diatomite, which is the sedimentary rock composed of diatomaceous opal-A. However, to date, there is no direct microscopic evidence for the existence of minor elements, such as Al, Fe, and Mg, in the structure of diatomaceous opal-A, because such evidence requires observation of the internal structure of frustules to exclude the disturbance of impurity minerals, which is technically challenging using conventional techniques. In this work, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping analysis were performed on diatomaceous opal-A from three typical diatomite specimens that were pretreated using focused ion beam (FIB) thinning. This technique produces a slice of a diatom frustule for direct TEM observation of the internal structure of the diatomaceous opal-A. The results of this work clearly indicate that minor elements, such as Al, Fe, Ca, and Mg, conclusively exist within the siliceous framework of diatomaceous opal-A. The contents of these minor elements are at atomic ratio levels of 1 (minor element)/ 10 000 (Si) – 1/100, regardless of the genus of the diatoms. The occurrence of minor elements in the internal structure is likely through biological uptake during biosynthesis by living diatoms. Moreover, surface coatings composed of aluminosilicates on diatom frustules are common, and the contents of elements such as Al and Fe are tens or hundreds of times higher in the coatings than in the internal siliceous structure of diatomaceous opal-A. The discovery of the incorporation of the above-mentioned minor elements in the diatomaceous opal-A structure, both in the internal Si-O framework and on the surface, updates the knowledge about the properties of diatomite.

Keywords: Diatomaceous opal-A; diatomite; focused ion beam (FIB); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); minor elements

  1. Funding

    Financially supported from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS for the excellent members (2016-81-01), Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scientists of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2016A030306034), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41772041), Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (2017B020237003), and Youth Top-notch Talent Special Support Program of Guangdong (Grant No. 609254605090) are gratefully acknowledged. This is a contribution No. IS-2709 from GIGCAS.

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Received: 2018-12-03
Accepted: 2019-05-29
Published Online: 2019-08-28
Published in Print: 2019-09-25

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  8. Compressional behavior and spin state of δ-(Al,Fe)OOH at high pressures
  9. Reconstruction of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary zone beneath Ichinomegata maar, Northeast Japan, by geobarometry of spinel peridotite xenoliths
  10. High-pressure phase stability and elasticity of ammonia hydrate
  11. A multi-methodological study of kurnakovite: A potential B-rich aggregate
  12. Identification of the occurrence of minor elements in the structure of diatomaceous opal using FIB and TEM-EDS
  13. Nixonite, Na2Ti6O13, a new mineral from a metasomatized mantle garnet pyroxenite from the western Rae Craton, Darby kimberlite field, Canada
  14. Goldschmidtite, (K,REE,Sr)(Nb,Cr)O3: A new perovskite supergroup mineral found in diamond from Koffiefontein, South Africa
  15. Edscottite, Fe5C2, a new iron carbide mineral from the Ni-rich Wedderburn IAB iron meteorite
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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6917
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Diatomaceous opal-A; diatomite; focused ion beam (FIB); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); minor elements

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Seeking the most hydrous, primitive arc melts: The glass is half full
  3. Hydrous LABZ beneath a subduction zone was reconstructed for the first time
  4. U, Th, and K partitioning between metal, silicate, and sulfide and implications for Mercury’s structure, volatile content, and radioactive heat production
  5. Valleyite: A new magnetic mineral with the sodalite-type structure
  6. An analysis of the magnetic behavior of olivine and garnet substitutional solid solutions
  7. Pyrite trace-element and sulfur isotope geochemistry of paleo-mesoproterozoic McArthur Basin: Proxy for oxidative weathering
  8. Compressional behavior and spin state of δ-(Al,Fe)OOH at high pressures
  9. Reconstruction of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary zone beneath Ichinomegata maar, Northeast Japan, by geobarometry of spinel peridotite xenoliths
  10. High-pressure phase stability and elasticity of ammonia hydrate
  11. A multi-methodological study of kurnakovite: A potential B-rich aggregate
  12. Identification of the occurrence of minor elements in the structure of diatomaceous opal using FIB and TEM-EDS
  13. Nixonite, Na2Ti6O13, a new mineral from a metasomatized mantle garnet pyroxenite from the western Rae Craton, Darby kimberlite field, Canada
  14. Goldschmidtite, (K,REE,Sr)(Nb,Cr)O3: A new perovskite supergroup mineral found in diamond from Koffiefontein, South Africa
  15. Edscottite, Fe5C2, a new iron carbide mineral from the Ni-rich Wedderburn IAB iron meteorite
  16. Letter
  17. The stability of Fe5O6 and Fe4O5 at high pressure and temperature
  18. New Mineral Names
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