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Zeolite-group minerals in phonolite-hosted deposits of the Kaiserstuhl Volcanic Complex, Germany

  • Simon Spürgin , Tobias Björn Weisenberger EMAIL logo and Marija Marković
Published/Copyright: April 26, 2019
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 104 Issue 5

Abstract

Subvolcanic phonolite intrusions of the Kaiserstuhl Volcanic Complex (Germany) show variable degrees of alteration. Their secondary mineralogy has been characterized by petrographic textural observations, bulk-rock powder X‑ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, and electron probe microanalysis. The alteration assemblage is dominated by various zeolites that occur in fissures, vugs, and as replacement products of primary phases within the phonolite matrix. Phonolites in the eastern Kaiserstuhl were emplaced into a sedimentary sequence and are characterized by high zeolite contents (Endhalden: 48 wt%, Fohberg: 45 wt%) with the temporal sequence: ± thomsonite-Ca ± mesolite – gonnardite – natrolite – analcime. In the western Kaiserstuhl zeolite contents are lower (Kirchberg: 26 wt% or less) and the crystallization sequence is: ± thomsonite-Ca – gonnardite – natrolite – chabazite-Ca. Pseudomorphic replacement textures and barite inclusions in secondary aggregates suggest that zeolites grew at the expense of a sulfate-bearing sodalite-group mineral, i.e., haüyne. Fresh grains of sodalite-haüyne are only found at Kirchberg, whereas the pervasive alteration at Fohberg and Endhalden transformed feldspathoid minerals completely to zeolites.

Zeolites formed in a continuously cooling hydrothermal regime after emplacement and solidification of phonolitic magmas. The common paragenetic sequence corresponds to a decrease in the Ca/Na ratio, as well as an increase in the Si/Al ratio with time. The shift from Ca-Na- to pure Na-zeolites is an expression of closed-system behavior in a water-rich environment at Fohberg and Endhalden, which both intruded an Oligocene pre-volcanic sedimentary unit. The late crystallization of K-bearing chabazite-Ca points to a progressively more open hydrothermal system in the Kirchberg phonolite, which was emplaced in a subaerial volcanic succession and was influenced by K-enriched fluid from leucite-bearing country rock. Therefore, the geological setting and nature of emplacement are important factors that control the degree of zeolitization of intrusive feldspathoid minerals-bearing rocks and whether a zeolite occurrence can be used as mineral deposit.

Keywords: Natrolite; gonnardite; analcime; zeolite; alkaline rocks; phonolite; Kaiserstuhl; Microporous materials; Crystal-chemistry; properties; and utilizations

† Special collection papers can be found online at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Hans G. Hauri KG Mineralstoffwerke, Bötzingen, Germany, for access to the active Fohberg quarry and the Endhalden area, and for technical support. We acknowledge helpful discussions with O. Clemens, Darmstadt, about the quantitative X‑ray analyses. We thank Linda Campbell and an anonymous reviewer for their detailed and constructive comments. Finally, we are grateful to the guest editor of the special collection on “Microporous Materials: Crystal-Chemistry, Properties And Utilizations,” G.D. Gatta, Milan, for the editorial handling of our manuscript. This paper is dedicated to our friend and graduate supervisor (S.S., T.B.W.) Rune S. Selbekk (1967–2017), who introduced us to the science of zeolites and inspired us in our further profession.

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Received: 2018-09-30
Accepted: 2019-02-11
Published Online: 2019-04-26
Published in Print: 2019-05-27

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6831
Keywords for this article
Natrolite; gonnardite; analcime; zeolite; alkaline rocks; phonolite; Kaiserstuhl; Microporous materials; Crystal-chemistry; properties; and utilizations

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  11. Geochemical characteristics of lawsonite blueschists in tectonic mélange from the Tavşanlı Zone, Turkey: Potential constraints on the origin of Mediterranean potassium-rich magmatism
  12. Origin of vesuvianite-garnet veins in calc-silicate rocks from part of the Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex, East Indian Shield: The quantitative P-T-XCO2 topology in parts of the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-CO2 (+Fe2O3, F)
  13. A new occurrence of yimengite-hawthorneite and crichtonite-group minerals in an orthopyroxenite from kimberlite: Implications for mantle metasomatism
  14. Discovery of asimowite, the Fe-analog of wadsleyite, in shock-melted silicate droplets of the Suizhou L6 and the Quebrada Chimborazo 001 CB3.0 chondrites
  15. New Mineral Names
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