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Uptake and release of arsenic and antimony in alunite-jarosite and beudantite group minerals

  • Karen A. Hudson-Edwards EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: April 26, 2019
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 104 Issue 5

Abstract

Arsenic and antimony are highly toxic to humans, animals, and plants. Incorporation in alunite, jarosite, and beudantite group minerals can immobilize these elements and restrict their bioavailability in acidic, oxidizing environments. This paper reviews research on the magnitude and mechanisms of incorporation of As and Sb in, and release from, alunite, jarosite, and beudantite group minerals in mostly abiotic systems. Arsenate-for-sulfate substitution is observed for all three mineral groups, with the magnitude of incorporation being beudantite (3–8.5 wt% As) > alunite (3.6 wt% As) > natroalunite (2.8 wt%) > jarosite (1.6 wt% As) > natroalunite (1.5 wt% As) > hydroniumalunite (0.034 wt% As). Arsenate substitution is limited by the charge differences between sulfate (–2) and arsenate (–3), deficiencies in B-cations in octahedral sites and for hydroniumalunite, difficulty in substituting protonated H2O-for-OH- groups. Substitution of arsenate causes increases in the c-axis for alunite and natroalunite, and in the c- and a-axes for jarosite. The degree of uptake depends on, but limited by, the AsO4/TO4 ratio. Aerobic and abiotic As release from alunite and natroalunite is limited, especially between pH 5 and 8. Release of As is also very limited in As-bearing jarosite, natrojarosite, and ammoniumjarosite at pH 8 due to the formation of secondary maghemite, goethite, hematite, and Fe arsenates that resorb the liberated As. Abiotic reductive dissolution of As-bearing jarosite at pH 4, 5.5, and 7 is likewise restricted by the formation of secondary green rust sulfate, goethite, and lepidocrocite that take up the As. Similar processes have been observed for the aerobic dissolution of Pb-As-jarosite (beudantite analog), with secondary Fe oxyhydroxides resorbing the released As at pH 8. Higher amounts of As are released, however, during microbial-driven jarosite dissolution. Natural jarosite has been found to contain up to 5.9 wt% Sb5+ substituting for Fe3+ in the B-site of the mineral structure. Sb(V) is not released from jarosite at pH 4 during abiotic reductive dissolution, but at pH 5.5 and 7, up to 75% of the mobilized Sb can be structurally incorporated into secondary green rust sulfate, lepidocrocite, or goethite. Further research is needed on the co-incorporation of As, Sb, and other ions in, and the uptake and release of Sb from, alunite, jarosite, and beudantite group minerals, the influence of microbes on these processes and the long-term (>1 yr) stability of these minerals.

Keywords: Arsenic; antimony; alunite; jarosite; beudantite; Invited Centennial article

  1. Funding My work on these minerals has been supported by grants from the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (GR9/04094), the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Ph.D. studentship to Adrian Smith), the European Union (IEF 327194), the Royal Society and synchrotron beamtime from CCLRC Daresbury Laboratory (46-068 and 39-310).

Acknowledgments

I sincerely thank colleagues with whom I have worked with and had discussions about arsenic, antimony, and minerals of the alunite supergroup. There are many of you but I especially thank Pat Acero, Bill Dubbin, Dave Craw, Ference Forray, Julian Gale, Heather Jamieson, David Kossoff, Peter Cogram, Pam Murphy, Christina Smeaton, Adrian Smith, Mark Welch, and Kate Wright. Bill Dubbin provided the beudantite sample BM. 1987, and Andy Beard assisted with the electron microprobe chemical mapping. The manuscript was improved by comments from an anonymous reviewer and associate editor Andrew Elwood Madden.

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Received: 2018-12-04
Accepted: 2019-02-11
Published Online: 2019-04-26
Published in Print: 2019-05-27

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  1. Uptake and release of arsenic and antimony in alunite-jarosite and beudantite group minerals
  2. Trends in the discovery of new minerals over the last century
  3. Origin of milky optical features in type IaB diamonds: Dislocations, nano-inclusions, and polycrystalline diamond
  4. Zeolite-group minerals in phonolite-hosted deposits of the Kaiserstuhl Volcanic Complex, Germany
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  10. Static compression of B2 KCl to 230 GPa and its P-V-T equation of state
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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6591
Keywords for this article
Arsenic; antimony; alunite; jarosite; beudantite; Invited Centennial article

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Uptake and release of arsenic and antimony in alunite-jarosite and beudantite group minerals
  2. Trends in the discovery of new minerals over the last century
  3. Origin of milky optical features in type IaB diamonds: Dislocations, nano-inclusions, and polycrystalline diamond
  4. Zeolite-group minerals in phonolite-hosted deposits of the Kaiserstuhl Volcanic Complex, Germany
  5. Melting curve minimum of barium carbonate BaCO3 near 5 GPa
  6. The effect of coordination changes on the bulk moduli of amorphous silicates: The SiO2-TiO2 system as a test case
  7. Energetics of ethanol and carbon dioxide adsorption on anatase, rutile, and γ-alumina nanoparticles
  8. The effect of oxidation on the mineralogy and magnetic properties of olivine
  9. Phase, morphology, elemental composition, and formation mechanisms of biogenic and abiogenic Fe-Cu-sulfide nanoparticles: A comparative study on their occurrences under anoxic conditions
  10. Static compression of B2 KCl to 230 GPa and its P-V-T equation of state
  11. Geochemical characteristics of lawsonite blueschists in tectonic mélange from the Tavşanlı Zone, Turkey: Potential constraints on the origin of Mediterranean potassium-rich magmatism
  12. Origin of vesuvianite-garnet veins in calc-silicate rocks from part of the Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex, East Indian Shield: The quantitative P-T-XCO2 topology in parts of the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-CO2 (+Fe2O3, F)
  13. A new occurrence of yimengite-hawthorneite and crichtonite-group minerals in an orthopyroxenite from kimberlite: Implications for mantle metasomatism
  14. Discovery of asimowite, the Fe-analog of wadsleyite, in shock-melted silicate droplets of the Suizhou L6 and the Quebrada Chimborazo 001 CB3.0 chondrites
  15. New Mineral Names
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